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Cyclic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons SCH4U Spring 2012
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Cyclic Hydrocarbons (Cyclo-)
•Hydrocarbon chains that form rings•Have at least three carbon atoms •Can be alkanes, alkenes and alkynes•General formula for cyclic alkanes: CnH2n
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Naming cyclic hydrocarbons
• Identify the rooto Preceded by “cyclo-”
• Identify the suffixo Not necessary to indicate the location of the double or triple bonds
• Identify the prefixo If there are no or only one side group on a cyclic alkane, the carbon
atoms are not numberedo If there are two or more side groups on a cyclic alkane, numbering
must give the lowest possible numbers to all side groupso If the molecule is a cyclic alkene or cyclic alkyne, the multiple bond
takes highest priority
• Name the compound
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Questions
•Name the following:
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Questions
•Draw the following:
o4-ethyl-2-methylcyclopenteneomethylcyclobutaneo2-ethyl-3-propylcyclohexaneo1, 2-dimethylcyclohexane
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Aromatic hydrocarbons (-benzene)• Derived from benzene ring (C6H6)• Aliphatic compounds: do not contain a benzene ring• Benzene ring:oAll six carbon-carbon bonds are identical in length o Length of the carbon-carbon bonds is intermediate
between a single and a double bondoResonance hybridoDelocalized electrons: electrons that make up the
second bond in the “double bonds” are equally shared by all six carbon atoms
oConjugated double bondso Stable structures
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Naming aromatic hydrocarbons
•Identify the root (-benzene)•Identify the prefixoprioritize alkyl side groups with six or
fewer carbon atoms in alphabetical orderoContinue to number in the direction of the
nearest side group•Name the compound (prefix+root)
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Naming aromatic hydrocarbons
•If a benzene ring is attached to a single hydrocarbon chain that has more than six carbon atoms, the benzene ring becomes a side group (-phenyl)
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Questions
•Name each aromatic hydrocarbon:
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Drawing aromatic hydrocarbons•Draw the benzene ring•If there is more than one side group,
number the carbon atoms in the ring•Add the side groups (have six or fewer
carbon atoms)
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Questions
•Draw the condensed structural formula for each aromatic hydrocarbon:
o1,3-diethyl-4-methyl-2-propylbenzeneo1-ethyl-3-propylbenzene
•Draw the line structural formula for:o2-phenyl-5-propyloctaneo1,4-dimethylbenzene