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Day 8 - Chapter 5
February 7th
We do between five and ten clicker
questions per class meeting. If youmiss a day or two, youll be fine.
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Causes and effects of mutation
Alteration of the sequence of bases inDNA
can lead to changes in the structure andfunction of the proteins produced
can have a range of effects
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Why is it dangerous around thecore of a nuclear power plant?
Chemical-induced mutations
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Genetic Engineering
Adding, deleting, or transplanting genesfrom one organism to another, to alter theorganisms in useful ways
5.10 What is biotechnology?
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Biotech advances in human health fall intothree categories:
(1) producing medicines to treat diseases
(2) curing diseases
(3) preventing diseases from occurring inthe first place.
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Almost everyone in the U.S. consumesgenetically modified foods regularly
without knowing it.
What foods are responsible for this?
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Insect Resistance
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How can genetically modified
plants lead to reduced pesticideuse by farmers?
1961, the toxic Bt crystals were included in pesticides
1995, however, recombinant DNA technology let to DNA that included Bt
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Herbicide Resistance
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Faster Growth and Bigger Bodies
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5.16 Fears and risks: the safety ofgenetically modified foods
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Fear #1. Organisms that we want to kill may
become invincible. Fear #2. Organisms that we dont want to kill may
be killed inadvertently.
Fear #3. Genetically modified crops are not tested
or regulated adequately.
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(1) Mapping Genetic Landscapes:The Human Genome Project
the three billion nucleotide base pairs in the human genome
and to identify all the genes present in it, 2000
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(2) Building Earths Family Tree
phylogenetic trees
were built based on
similarities in
organisms physical
structures and
embryological
development, DNA
sequences
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When we sayhumans andchimps are genetically 96%
identical, what do we mean?
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5.19 The promise and
perils of cloning
From organs to individuals
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1997 Ian
Wilmut,
a British
scientist,
first
cloned a
sheep
surprisingly
simple in
concept
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Are there any medical
justifications for cloning?
Cloned animals might produce human medicines or organs
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Is it possible toclone adinosaur? How
could it bedone?
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A chicken dinosaur? Scientists
discover what the bird mighthave look liked in prehistoric
times
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Continuity and varietyLectures by Mark Manteuffel, St. Louis Community College; Clicker Questions by Kristen Curran, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
Chapter 6: Chromosomes and Cell Division
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Bladder Cancer cells
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6.1 Immortal cells can spell
trouble: cell division insickness and health.
Once you are fully grown, do you have just one set of cells
that live as long as you do?
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Telomeres
The telomere is like aprotective cap at theend of the DNA.
Every time a celldivides, the telomeregets a bit shorter.
(Like a cars odometer)
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At birth, the
telomeres inmost human cells
are long enough
to support about50 cell divisions
Is there a Fountain of Youth?
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Cancer
These are cells
that rebuild
theirtelomeres
after each cell
division,
restoring theprotective cap,
never stop
dividing
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Cancer cells are those
whichhave forgottenhow to die.Harold Pinter