Download - December 4, 2009
![Page 1: December 4, 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56815505550346895dc2eed8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
December 4, 2009December 4, 2009
Men carry the seeds of their own destruction in the genes present in their sperm, research suggests. Scientists working on mice have highlighted a specific gene that, although carried by both sexes, appears to be active only in males. They believe it allows males to grow bigger bodies - but at the expense of their longevity. The study, by Tokyo University of Agriculture, appears in the journal Human Reproduction.
Ch. 16 (wastes) & 17 (water pollution)
Men's genes 'may limit lifespan'
![Page 2: December 4, 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56815505550346895dc2eed8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
% by Volume
% by radioactivity
Types of Radioactive Waste
Low Level from hospitals, labs and
industrypaper, rags, tools, clothing,
filters
Transuranic (intermediate) resins, chemical sludges,
reactor components
High Levelspent fuel, nuclear weapons
![Page 3: December 4, 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56815505550346895dc2eed8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fuel: 56,000 MTDefense: 11,000 MTTotal: 67,000 MT
![Page 4: December 4, 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56815505550346895dc2eed8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ceramic Synroc
How is HLRW Stored?
Liquid Solid
VitrificationSynroc
![Page 5: December 4, 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56815505550346895dc2eed8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Management of Wastes
Long term options (potential problems?) bury in ocean floor launch into spaceput in polar ice sheetssubduction zonesbedrock caverns
• ‘delay-and-decay’
![Page 6: December 4, 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56815505550346895dc2eed8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Underground Storage
Multiple Barrier Concept Host rock
• stable geology • low porosity & permeability, unfractured
– e.g., granite, basalt, tuffs, shale, salt domes Engineered barriers
• canisters, shielding, backfill Solid waste form
• vitrified or ceramic form reduces mobility
![Page 7: December 4, 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56815505550346895dc2eed8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Dry climate, remote location, stable geology, deep water table, welded tuffs, Nevada Test Site (NTS)
• Underground repository must safely isolate highly radioactive nuclear waste for at least 10,000 years.
Why Yucca Mountain?
![Page 8: December 4, 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56815505550346895dc2eed8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3-D image of YM with tunnels
![Page 9: December 4, 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56815505550346895dc2eed8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PerforatedPerforatedSheetSheet
![Page 10: December 4, 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56815505550346895dc2eed8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Water table ▼
YM Geologic Cross Section
![Page 11: December 4, 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56815505550346895dc2eed8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
S. Finsterle
Seepage Studies Capillarity and evaporation Boiling and drying Fracture sealing
J. Birkholzer
T. Kneafsey