Download - Design for Polluted and Toxic Environments
DESIGN FOR POLLUTED AND TOXIC ENVIRONMENTSCan our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Gensler - Research
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 20162
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
BUILDINGS CAN BECOME THE
FILTER FOR THE
AIR WE BREATHE.
DES
IGN
FO
R P
OLL
UTE
D A
ND
TO
XIC
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TS
A RESEARCH INITIATIVE
UNMISTAKABLE TRUTH....
POLLUTION EFFECTS
Food We Eat, Water We DrinkAir We Breath& ULTIMATELY... OUR HEALTH
The FUTURE is dependent on our ability to use design to solve these challenges.
HYPOTHESIS 1:
72% of people surveyed said:
72% POLLUTED AIR
DRINKING WATER
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
FOOD SAFETY
CLIMATE CHANGE
9%
1%
17%
.7%
Air Pollution is the environmental issue they feel
the most affected by on a daily basis in Shanghai.
American Journal of Medicine (Garibaldi and Dixon, 1985)
81% of people surveyed listed Respiratory Illness as the primary symptom experienced in relation to poor air quality.
81%
RespiratoryIllness
FluSinusCongestion
Hay Fever,Allergies
SneezingChest Tightness
Dry/FlakingSkin
Fatigue/Drowsiness
NauseaContact Lens Irritation
EyeIrritation
I don’t know
OtherHeadache Skin Irritation
Dizziness Heartburn
19%
44%
36%38%40%
29% 27%
14%
21%
01%
12%08%
11%
26%
02% 02%
RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS ANNUALLY ACCOUNT FOR $15 BILLION IN US MEDICAL COSTS
Smog Depression Professor Tian Chenghua, a professor at the Institute for Psychiatric Research at Peking University’s No 6 Hospital, said “it is scientifically proved that some types of depression are closely associated with conditions such as seasonal change and lack of sunlight.” “On days of continuous smog, I feel despair. It’s as if my life is shrouded in the cloying haze,” said the 24-year-old, who was admitted to a hospital after attempting suicide.
“I haven’t see the sun in four days!”CNN Reporter Jaime FlorCruz
Pollution can lead to:
- Decline in brain function,
- Learning disability,
- Depression Serotonin levels. A drop in serotonin, a brain chemical (neurotransmitter) that affects mood, might play a role in SAD. Reduced sunlight can cause a drop in serotonin that may trigger depression.
Melatonin levels. The change in season can disrupt the balance of the body's level of melatonin, which plays a role in sleep patterns and mood.
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 20166
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
81% of people surveyed said:
NO! They don’t have the ability to help improve outdoor air quality?
Actual survey responses.
• By Answering this survey, raising awareness around me.
• Cleaner car emissions, less coal plants.
• Do not shop often.
• Designing green buildings.
• Don’t drive a car.
• Don’t drive, don’t smoke.
• More planting integrated into
design. Reduced energy use and PM production from coal plants.
• Recycle more
• Ride a bike, use less heating/cooling at home
• Use less utilities; shower, heater, etc.
• Attend a eco organization
• Being efficient with resources
NO
YES
IF Y
ES -
HO
W?
81%
19%
•High performance/low energy buildings/environments
• By educating myself and others.
• Do not drive
• limit fossil fuel-based transportation use
• no driving
• public transportation
• stop smoking
• Stop smoking and walk as much as possible
• Walking instead of cars
• Only in that we all have a tiny part to play creating pollution so personal choice matters, even if individually you can’t do much
• More Public Transport
• Green travel , reduce the environmental pollution caused by individual
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 20167
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
ONCE A WEEK
ONCE A MONTH
ONCE A DAY
ONCE A YEAR
53%
30%
16%
01%53% ONCE A WEEK
How often is air quality a topic in your conversations?
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 20168
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
1930’s 1940’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’spre-1900’s
Late 13th Century
Late 18th to 19th Century
1936
1948
19521962
1970 1984 1990 2002 2013
2013
2014
2014
2005
2007
1990
1987
1989
1970
1975
1963
1969
1955
1948
King Edward I of England bans the burning of sea-coal in London because it causes air pollution; the ban is unsuccessful.
The Industrial Revolu-tion brings about large-scale use of coal and intensified air and water pollution. Milwaukee becomes the
first American city to ban smoking on all pub-lic transportation.
In Donora, Pennsylvania, 7,000 people become ill and 20 die after severe air pollution from local manufacturing plants produces a deadly smog.
In London, at least 4,000 people die over the course of several days after pollutants from factories and fireplaces mix with air condensa-tion.
Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, a book that highlights the dan-gers of insecticides and other chemicals and helps influence the bur-geoning environmental movement in the U.S.
The first Earth Day is celebrated across the U.S. in an effort to raise awareness of the need to protect the nation’s natural resources.
In Bhopal, India, 20,000 people die and 120,000 more are injured follow-ing a deadly methyl isocy-anate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant.
In an effort to protect people from secondhand cigarette smoke, a ban against smoking aboard flights in the U.S. of six hours or less, is enacted. In 2000, federal regu-lation requires that all flights to and from the U.S. are smoke-free.
California passes a land-mark law requiring auto-makers to reduce green-house gas emissions from motor vehicles by 30 percent by 2016.
‘Airpocalypse’ hits Chi-na’s capital. A long bout of off-the-charts air pollution blankets the city for several days.
An eight-year-old girl in Jiangsu province became China’s youngest lung cancer patient; doctors attribute her illness to air pollution.
At APEC in Beijing, US and China make a joint statement on climate change in which China pledges to curb CO2 emissions by 2030.
Jan. 1, the central gov-ernment requires 15,000 factories (including SOEs) to publicly report air & water emissions discharge in real time.
The Kyoto Protocol, which calls for partici-pating nations to reduce greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, comes into effect. To date, President George Bush has reject-ed Kyoto, stating that it would hurt the U.S. economy because the protocol exempts China.
China surpasses the US as the world leader in annual CO2 emissions.
San Luis Obispo, Califor-nia, becomes the world’s first city to prohibit smoking in public build-ings, including bars and restaurants.
The Indoor Air Quality Act, which focuses on indoor air pollution, is introduced to Congress.
In one of the world’s largest environmental disasters, oil tanker Exxon Valdez spills ap-proximately 11 million gallons of crude oil into the sea off Alaska’s Prince William Sound. The event, which caused a 3,000-square-mile oil slick, killed hundreds of thousands of birds, fish and other wildlife.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established by Pres-ident Richard Nixon to protect human health and safeguard the natu-ral environment: air, wa-ter, and land. Today, the EPA has approximately 18,000 employees.
The catalytic convert-er, a device used to significantly cut auto emissions and reduce air pollution, is invented.
Congress passes the Clean Air Act of 1963, the first federal legisla-tion to focus on air-pol-lution control.
Chemical waste released into Ohio’s Cuyahoga River causes it to burst into flames. The Cuyahoga becomes a symbol of how industrial pollution is destroying America’s natural re-sources.
Congress passes the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, the first federal legislation dealing with air pollution. The act cre-ates funding for air-pol-lution research.
The U.S. Congress pass-es the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the first major legisla-tion to focus on water pollution.
TIMELINE OF POLLUTION INTO THE 20TH CENTURY
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 20169
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
1930’s 1940’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’spre-1900’s
Late 13th Century
Late 18th to 19th Century
1936
1948
19521962
1970 1984 1990 2002 2013
2013
2014
2014
2005
2007
1990
1987
1989
1970
1975
1963
1969
1955
1948
King Edward I of England bans the burning of sea-coal in London because it causes air pollution; the ban is unsuccessful.
The Industrial Revolu-tion brings about large-scale use of coal and intensified air and water pollution. Milwaukee becomes the
first American city to ban smoking on all pub-lic transportation.
In Donora, Pennsylvania, 7,000 people become ill and 20 die after severe air pollution from local manufacturing plants produces a deadly smog.
In London, at least 4,000 people die over the course of several days after pollutants from factories and fireplaces mix with air condensa-tion.
Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, a book that highlights the dan-gers of insecticides and other chemicals and helps influence the bur-geoning environmental movement in the U.S.
The first Earth Day is celebrated across the U.S. in an effort to raise awareness of the need to protect the nation’s natural resources.
In Bhopal, India, 20,000 people die and 120,000 more are injured follow-ing a deadly methyl isocy-anate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant.
In an effort to protect people from secondhand cigarette smoke, a ban against smoking aboard flights in the U.S. of six hours or less, is enacted. In 2000, federal regu-lation requires that all flights to and from the U.S. are smoke-free.
California passes a land-mark law requiring auto-makers to reduce green-house gas emissions from motor vehicles by 30 percent by 2016.
‘Airpocalypse’ hits Chi-na’s capital. A long bout of off-the-charts air pollution blankets the city for several days.
An eight-year-old girl in Jiangsu province became China’s youngest lung cancer patient; doctors attribute her illness to air pollution.
At APEC in Beijing, US and China make a joint statement on climate change in which China pledges to curb CO2 emissions by 2030.
Jan. 1, the central gov-ernment requires 15,000 factories (including SOEs) to publicly report air & water emissions discharge in real time.
The Kyoto Protocol, which calls for partici-pating nations to reduce greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, comes into effect. To date, President George Bush has reject-ed Kyoto, stating that it would hurt the U.S. economy because the protocol exempts China.
China surpasses the US as the world leader in annual CO2 emissions.
San Luis Obispo, Califor-nia, becomes the world’s first city to prohibit smoking in public build-ings, including bars and restaurants.
The Indoor Air Quality Act, which focuses on indoor air pollution, is introduced to Congress.
In one of the world’s largest environmental disasters, oil tanker Exxon Valdez spills ap-proximately 11 million gallons of crude oil into the sea off Alaska’s Prince William Sound. The event, which caused a 3,000-square-mile oil slick, killed hundreds of thousands of birds, fish and other wildlife.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established by Pres-ident Richard Nixon to protect human health and safeguard the natu-ral environment: air, wa-ter, and land. Today, the EPA has approximately 18,000 employees.
The catalytic convert-er, a device used to significantly cut auto emissions and reduce air pollution, is invented.
Congress passes the Clean Air Act of 1963, the first federal legisla-tion to focus on air-pol-lution control.
Chemical waste released into Ohio’s Cuyahoga River causes it to burst into flames. The Cuyahoga becomes a symbol of how industrial pollution is destroying America’s natural re-sources.
Congress passes the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, the first federal legislation dealing with air pollution. The act cre-ates funding for air-pol-lution research.
The U.S. Congress pass-es the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the first major legisla-tion to focus on water pollution.
TIMELINE OF POLLUTION INTO THE 20TH CENTURY
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201610
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
1930’s 1940’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’spre-1900’s
Late 13th Century
Late 18th to 19th Century
1936
1948
19521962
1970 1984 1990 2002 2013
2013
2014
2014
2005
2007
1990
1987
1989
1970
1975
1963
1969
1955
1948
King Edward I of England bans the burning of sea-coal in London because it causes air pollution; the ban is unsuccessful.
The Industrial Revolu-tion brings about large-scale use of coal and intensified air and water pollution. Milwaukee becomes the
first American city to ban smoking on all pub-lic transportation.
In Donora, Pennsylvania, 7,000 people become ill and 20 die after severe air pollution from local manufacturing plants produces a deadly smog.
In London, at least 4,000 people die over the course of several days after pollutants from factories and fireplaces mix with air condensa-tion.
Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, a book that highlights the dan-gers of insecticides and other chemicals and helps influence the bur-geoning environmental movement in the U.S.
The first Earth Day is celebrated across the U.S. in an effort to raise awareness of the need to protect the nation’s natural resources.
In Bhopal, India, 20,000 people die and 120,000 more are injured follow-ing a deadly methyl isocy-anate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant.
In an effort to protect people from secondhand cigarette smoke, a ban against smoking aboard flights in the U.S. of six hours or less, is enacted. In 2000, federal regu-lation requires that all flights to and from the U.S. are smoke-free.
California passes a land-mark law requiring auto-makers to reduce green-house gas emissions from motor vehicles by 30 percent by 2016.
‘Airpocalypse’ hits Chi-na’s capital. A long bout of off-the-charts air pollution blankets the city for several days.
An eight-year-old girl in Jiangsu province became China’s youngest lung cancer patient; doctors attribute her illness to air pollution.
At APEC in Beijing, US and China make a joint statement on climate change in which China pledges to curb CO2 emissions by 2030.
Jan. 1, the central gov-ernment requires 15,000 factories (including SOEs) to publicly report air & water emissions discharge in real time.
The Kyoto Protocol, which calls for partici-pating nations to reduce greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, comes into effect. To date, President George Bush has reject-ed Kyoto, stating that it would hurt the U.S. economy because the protocol exempts China.
China surpasses the US as the world leader in annual CO2 emissions.
San Luis Obispo, Califor-nia, becomes the world’s first city to prohibit smoking in public build-ings, including bars and restaurants.
The Indoor Air Quality Act, which focuses on indoor air pollution, is introduced to Congress.
In one of the world’s largest environmental disasters, oil tanker Exxon Valdez spills ap-proximately 11 million gallons of crude oil into the sea off Alaska’s Prince William Sound. The event, which caused a 3,000-square-mile oil slick, killed hundreds of thousands of birds, fish and other wildlife.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established by Pres-ident Richard Nixon to protect human health and safeguard the natu-ral environment: air, wa-ter, and land. Today, the EPA has approximately 18,000 employees.
The catalytic convert-er, a device used to significantly cut auto emissions and reduce air pollution, is invented.
Congress passes the Clean Air Act of 1963, the first federal legisla-tion to focus on air-pol-lution control.
Chemical waste released into Ohio’s Cuyahoga River causes it to burst into flames. The Cuyahoga becomes a symbol of how industrial pollution is destroying America’s natural re-sources.
Congress passes the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, the first federal legislation dealing with air pollution. The act cre-ates funding for air-pol-lution research.
The U.S. Congress pass-es the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the first major legisla-tion to focus on water pollution.
TIMELINE OF POLLUTION INTO THE 20TH CENTURY
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201611
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
1930’s 1940’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’spre-1900’s
Late 13th Century
Late 18th to 19th Century
1936
1948
19521962
1970 1984 1990 2002 2013
2013
2014
2014
2005
2007
1990
1987
1989
1970
1975
1963
1969
1955
1948
King Edward I of England bans the burning of sea-coal in London because it causes air pollution; the ban is unsuccessful.
The Industrial Revolu-tion brings about large-scale use of coal and intensified air and water pollution. Milwaukee becomes the
first American city to ban smoking on all pub-lic transportation.
In Donora, Pennsylvania, 7,000 people become ill and 20 die after severe air pollution from local manufacturing plants produces a deadly smog.
In London, at least 4,000 people die over the course of several days after pollutants from factories and fireplaces mix with air condensa-tion.
Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, a book that highlights the dan-gers of insecticides and other chemicals and helps influence the bur-geoning environmental movement in the U.S.
The first Earth Day is celebrated across the U.S. in an effort to raise awareness of the need to protect the nation’s natural resources.
In Bhopal, India, 20,000 people die and 120,000 more are injured follow-ing a deadly methyl isocy-anate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant.
In an effort to protect people from secondhand cigarette smoke, a ban against smoking aboard flights in the U.S. of six hours or less, is enacted. In 2000, federal regu-lation requires that all flights to and from the U.S. are smoke-free.
California passes a land-mark law requiring auto-makers to reduce green-house gas emissions from motor vehicles by 30 percent by 2016.
‘Airpocalypse’ hits Chi-na’s capital. A long bout of off-the-charts air pollution blankets the city for several days.
An eight-year-old girl in Jiangsu province became China’s youngest lung cancer patient; doctors attribute her illness to air pollution.
At APEC in Beijing, US and China make a joint statement on climate change in which China pledges to curb CO2 emissions by 2030.
Jan. 1, the central gov-ernment requires 15,000 factories (including SOEs) to publicly report air & water emissions discharge in real time.
The Kyoto Protocol, which calls for partici-pating nations to reduce greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change, comes into effect. To date, President George Bush has reject-ed Kyoto, stating that it would hurt the U.S. economy because the protocol exempts China.
China surpasses the US as the world leader in annual CO2 emissions.
San Luis Obispo, Califor-nia, becomes the world’s first city to prohibit smoking in public build-ings, including bars and restaurants.
The Indoor Air Quality Act, which focuses on indoor air pollution, is introduced to Congress.
In one of the world’s largest environmental disasters, oil tanker Exxon Valdez spills ap-proximately 11 million gallons of crude oil into the sea off Alaska’s Prince William Sound. The event, which caused a 3,000-square-mile oil slick, killed hundreds of thousands of birds, fish and other wildlife.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is established by Pres-ident Richard Nixon to protect human health and safeguard the natu-ral environment: air, wa-ter, and land. Today, the EPA has approximately 18,000 employees.
The catalytic convert-er, a device used to significantly cut auto emissions and reduce air pollution, is invented.
Congress passes the Clean Air Act of 1963, the first federal legisla-tion to focus on air-pol-lution control.
Chemical waste released into Ohio’s Cuyahoga River causes it to burst into flames. The Cuyahoga becomes a symbol of how industrial pollution is destroying America’s natural re-sources.
Congress passes the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, the first federal legislation dealing with air pollution. The act cre-ates funding for air-pol-lution research.
The U.S. Congress pass-es the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the first major legisla-tion to focus on water pollution.
TIMELINE OF POLLUTION INTO THE 20TH CENTURY
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201612
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
1980 1990
CHINA
UNITED STATES
RUSSIA
EUROPE
JAPAN
Carbon Emissions from energy consumption
Billions of metric tons
8
6
4
2
0INDIA
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Mr. Obama’s pledge to China would cut US emissions by 26% to 28% from 2005 levels by 2025
Targets pledged by Mr. Obama in 2009 U.N. accord.
China’s pledge:Plan to have carbon dioxide emissions peak “around 2030”
APEC 2014 - CHINA ANNOUNCES 2030 CARBON CAP
?
THE CITY THAT’S NOT FORBIDDEN, JUST AVOIDED
-03% decline in foreign visits to China. CNTA 2014.
A report published by The China National Tourism Administration shows that in the first quarter of the year, 5.8 million foreign tourists visited China, compared with 6.04 million in the same period in 2013.
However, only 800,000 visited Beijing, a fall of 10 percent from the first quarter of last year, which resulted in the city’s total foreign exchange earnings falling to $23 billion, a year-on-year decline of 1.7 percent. Some travel services provide a list of the top 10 tourist destinations predicated on the cleanliness of the air.
13.5
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
13.2
NUMBER OF FOREIGN VISITORS TO CHINA
- China National Tourism Administration
12.912.8
13.3
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201614
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
then sometimes
BEI
JING
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201615
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
LOS
AN
GEL
ES 1940s
1950s
1990s TODAY
TODAY
TODAY
then now
LON
DO
NM
EXIC
O C
ITY
Historic Data - Particulate Matter
Part
s pe
r Mill
ion
19701980
19851990
19952000
20052010
19752015
19701980
19851990
19952000
20052010
Historic Data - Nitrogen Dioxide
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
19752015
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Mexico City
Mexico City
Mexico City
London
London
London
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
Historic Data - Ozone History
19701980
19851990
19952000
20052010
19752015
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201616
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
TREND RELATIONSHIP - GDP & CO2 EMISSIONS
Percent of Change
1970
1980
1975
1990
1985
2000
1995
2010
2005
2015
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
Change in Global GDP (Market Exchange Rate)Change in Global CO2 emissionsChange in China CO2 emissions
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201617
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
TREND RELATIONSHIP - GDP & CO2 EMISSIONS
Percent of Change
1970
1980
1975
1990
1985
2000
1995
2010
2005
2015
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
Change in Global GDP (Market Exchange Rate)Change in Global CO2 emissionsChange in China CO2 emissions
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201618
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
TREND RELATIONSHIP - GDP & CO2 EMISSIONS
Percent of Change
1970
1980
1975
1990
1985
2000
1995
2010
2005
2015
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
Change in Global GDP (Market Exchange Rate)Change in Global CO2 emissionsChange in China CO2 emissions
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201619
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201620
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
EarthVenusMercury
167° C +464° C 15° C
0.38 AU
0.38 AU
0.725 AU
1 AU
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201621
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Mill
ion
Met
ric
Tons
of C
arbo
n
0
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2013
Global Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuels
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201622
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Global Surface Temperature - Departure from Average
January – October 1880 – 2015
-0.5°
0.0°
0.5°
1.0°
1.5°
1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
( yl
am
on
AF)
2015
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
-0.5
-1.0
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201623
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
1951 – 1980
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
ecnerruccO fo
ycneuqerF
Deviation from Mean-3-4-5
Cooler than average
Average
Warmer than average
Baseline (1951 -1980) mean
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Summer Temperature Have Shifted
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201624
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
1983 – 1993
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
ecnerruccO fo
ycneuqerF
Deviation from Mean-3-4-5
Cooler than average
Average
Warmer than average
Baseline (1951 -1980) mean
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Extremely hot
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201625
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
1994– 2004
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
ecnerruccO fo
ycneuqerF
Deviation from Mean-3-4-5
Cooler than average
Average
Warmer than average
Baseline (1951 -1980) mean
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Extremely hot
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201626
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
2005 – 2015
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
ecnerruccO fo
ycneuqerF
Deviation from Mean-3-4-5
Cooler than average
Average
Warmer than average
Baseline (1951 -1980) mean
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Extremely hot
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201627
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
20152014two hottest years since the 2001
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201628
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
2016the hottest month on record ever
January
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201629
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
February 2016 was the 372 consecutive month
with a global temperature above the 20th century average
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201630
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
How does this relate to energy & design?
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201631
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Coal supplies 70% of China’s Energy…. Coal
combustion accounts for 80% of the chemical
compounds found in PM2.5 particulates.
60% 70%Of energy is for
commercial buildingsEnergy is from coals
Commercial buildings account for 60% of
average annuel energy demand globally.
7% energy increase is added to buildings using additional mechanical filtration.
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201632
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Commercial buildings account for 60% of
average annuel energy demand globally.
Coal supplies 70% of China’s Energy…. Coal
combustion accounts for 80% of the chemical
compounds found in PM2.5 particulates.
7% energy increase is added to buildings using additional mechanical filtration.
60% 70%Of energy is for
commercial buildingsEnergy is from coals
REPLACE
REDUCE
REMOVE
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201633
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
1. GROUND-LEVEL OZONE
2. CARBON MONOXIDE
3. SULFUR DIOXIDE
4. NITROGEN DIOXIDE
5. PARTICLE POLLUTION
The EPA calculates the AQI for five major air pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act: Ground-level ozone and airborne particles are the two pollutants that pose the greatest threat to human health.
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201634
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
PARTICLE POLLUTION CONSISTS OF A MIXTURE OF SOLIDS AND LIQUID.
PM2.5 PARTICULATES (found in China air pollution)
FINE SAND PARTICLE (Saharan particle in the States)HUMAN HAIR70 microns
FINE SAND - 90 microns
PM-2.5micronsPM-10 microns
You don’t just breath PM2.5 sized particulates....
YOUR BODY ABSORBS THESE!
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201635
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
PARTICULATE MATTER CHEMISTRY - CHEMICAL COMPONENTS FOUND IN MATTER COMPOSITION
Source: Nature 514, 218–222
PM Cloud
Pollution is a combined mixture of particles both chemical and organic.
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201636
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
PARTICULATE MATTER CHEMISTRY - CHEMICAL COMPONENTS FOUND IN MATTER COMPOSITION
Source: Nature 514, 218–222
PM Cloud
Organic MaterialDust consists mainly of oxides of aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium, iron, and other metal oxides.
Sulfate (SO2)Conversion of SO2 gas to sulfate-containing particles
Nitrate (NOx) Reversible gas/particle equilibrium for ammonia, nitric acid, and particulate ammonium nitrate.
Ammonium (NH3) Ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NH4+. The ammonium ion is vto the heavier alkali metals.
NaCl (Chloride)Salt is found in PM near sea coasts, and after deicing materials are applied. Chloride ions can be replaced by nitrate, a reaction during long-range transport.
Trace Elements (MTE) Chemicals in nature at concentrations < 0.1 Trace elements occur naturally, with variations in concentration, stemming from anthropogenic sources.
Elemental Carbon (EC) Composed of carbon without hydrocarbon/ oxygen. EC is black, called soot.Pollution is a combined mixture of particles both chemical and organic.
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201637
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
PARTICULATE MATTER CHEMISTRY - CHEMICAL COMPONENTS FOUND IN MATTER COMPOSITION
XI’ANGUANGZHOU
BEIJING SHANGHAI
Composition (%)
Organic Matter
Nitrate
Sulphate
Ammonium
Chloride
Trace Elements
Elemental Carbon
Unidentified
Sources/ Factors (%)
Vehicular Traffic
Coal Burning
Biomass Burning
Cooking
Dust Related
Secondary Organic
Secondary Inorganic
广州 西安
北京 上海
成分 (%)
有机材料
氮氧化物
硫酸盐
氨气
氯化钠
微量元素
元素但
其它
来源/因素(%)
汽车排放
煤的燃烧
生物质能燃
烧
做饭
灰尘
二级有机物
Composition
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201638
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
PARTICULATE MATTER CHEMISTRY - CHEMICAL COMPONENTS FOUND IN MATTER COMPOSITION
XI’ANGUANGZHOU
BEIJING SHANGHAI
Composition (%)
Organic Matter
Nitrate
Sulphate
Ammonium
Chloride
Trace Elements
Elemental Carbon
Unidentified
Sources/ Factors (%)
Vehicular Traffic
Coal Burning
Biomass Burning
Cooking
Dust Related
Secondary Organic
Secondary Inorganic
广州 西安
北京 上海
成分 (%)
有机材料
氮氧化物
硫酸盐
氨气
氯化钠
微量元素
元素但
其它
来源/因素(%)
汽车排放
煤的燃烧
生物质能燃
烧
做饭
灰尘
二级有机物
Sources
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201639
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
FRANKENSTEIN PARTICULATES - Secondary Particulate Atmospheric Evolution
Coagulation
New Particles from WVapor Phase (NH3, H2, SO4, Organics)
NUCLEATION MODE
COARSE PARTICULATES
PARTICULATE DIAMETER
in microns
FINE PARTICULATESULTRA-FINE PARTICULATES
0.002 0.01 0.1 1PM2.5
10 100
MASS VOLUME
HEALTH IMPACT LOCATION
PARTICLE COUNT
Crustal, Silicon, Iron, Aluminum, Ocean Spray Sea Salt, Plant Particles, Road Dust, Fly AshSulfates, Organics, Aluminum, Nitrates, Carbon, LeadTire Wear, Vehicle, Emissions, Carbon, Nano-Tube
ASHRAE Handbook 2013 -Typical Outdoor Aerosol Composition by Particle Size Fraction. (adapted from Wilson and Suh, 1997)
EPA - Guidelines for Developing an Air Quality(Ozone and PM2.5) Forecasting Program
(Seinfeld and Pandis 1998) (Husar, 1998)
Sources:
Effects - NASALEffects - TRACHEO-BRONCHIALEffects - BLOOD STREAM Effects - PULMONARY
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201640
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Condensational Growth
Coagulation
Emission of Combustion Particles (Organics, elemental/black carbon)
New Particles from WVapor Phase (NH3, H2, SO4, Organics)
AITKEN MODE
NUCLEATION MODE
COARSE PARTICULATES
PARTICULATE DIAMETER
in microns
FINE PARTICULATESULTRA-FINE PARTICULATES
0.002 0.01 0.1 1PM2.5
10 100
MASS VOLUMESURFACE AREA
HEALTH IMPACT LOCATION
PARTICLE COUNT
Crustal, Silicon, Iron, Aluminum, Ocean Spray Sea Salt, Plant Particles, Road Dust, Fly AshSulfates, Organics, Aluminum, Nitrates, Carbon, LeadTire Wear, Vehicle, Emissions, Carbon, Nano-Tube
ASHRAE Handbook 2013 -Typical Outdoor Aerosol Composition by Particle Size Fraction. (adapted from Wilson and Suh, 1997)
EPA - Guidelines for Developing an Air Quality(Ozone and PM2.5) Forecasting Program
(Seinfeld and Pandis 1998) (Husar, 1998)
Sources:
Effects - NASALEffects - TRACHEO-BRONCHIALEffects - BLOOD STREAM Effects - PULMONARY
FRANKENSTEIN PARTICULATES - Secondary Particulate Atmospheric Evolution
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201641
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Condensational Growth
Coagulation
Particulate AccumulationEmission of Combustion Particles (Organics, elemental/black carbon)
New Particles from WVapor Phase (NH3, H2, SO4, Organics)
DROPLET MODE
AITKEN MODE
NUCLEATION MODE
COARSE PARTICULATES
PARTICULATE DIAMETER
in microns
FINE PARTICULATESULTRA-FINE PARTICULATES
0.002 0.01 0.1 1PM2.5
10 100
MASS VOLUMESURFACE AREA
HEALTH IMPACT LOCATION
PARTICLE COUNT
Crustal, Silicon, Iron, Aluminum, Ocean Spray Sea Salt, Plant Particles, Road Dust, Fly AshSulfates, Organics, Aluminum, Nitrates, Carbon, LeadTire Wear, Vehicle, Emissions, Carbon, Nano-Tube
ASHRAE Handbook 2013 -Typical Outdoor Aerosol Composition by Particle Size Fraction. (adapted from Wilson and Suh, 1997)
EPA - Guidelines for Developing an Air Quality(Ozone and PM2.5) Forecasting Program
(Seinfeld and Pandis 1998) (Husar, 1998)
Sources:
Effects - NASALEffects - TRACHEO-BRONCHIALEffects - BLOOD STREAM Effects - PULMONARY
FRANKENSTEIN PARTICULATES - Secondary Particulate Atmospheric Evolution
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201642
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Condensational Growth
Coagulation
Particulate Accumulation
Wet Deposition
Dry Deposition
Emission of Combustion Particles (Organics, elemental/black carbon)
New Particles from WVapor Phase (NH3, H2, SO4, Organics)
Mechanical/physical generation (sea salt, soil dust, plant debris)
DROPLET MODE
COURSE MODE
AITKEN MODE
NUCLEATION MODE
COARSE PARTICULATES
PARTICULATE DIAMETER
in microns
FINE PARTICULATESULTRA-FINE PARTICULATES
0.002 0.01 0.1 1PM2.5
10 100
MASS VOLUMESURFACE AREA
HEALTH IMPACT LOCATION
PARTICLE COUNT
Settling
Min
utes
to D
ays
Day
s to
Wee
ks
Crustal, Silicon, Iron, Aluminum, Ocean Spray Sea Salt, Plant Particles, Road Dust, Fly AshSulfates, Organics, Aluminum, Nitrates, Carbon, LeadTire Wear, Vehicle, Emissions, Carbon, Nano-Tube
ASHRAE Handbook 2013 -Typical Outdoor Aerosol Composition by Particle Size Fraction. (adapted from Wilson and Suh, 1997)
EPA - Guidelines for Developing an Air Quality(Ozone and PM2.5) Forecasting Program
(Seinfeld and Pandis 1998) (Husar, 1998)
Sources:
Effects - NASALEffects - TRACHEO-BRONCHIALEffects - BLOOD STREAM Effects - PULMONARY
FRANKENSTEIN PARTICULATES - Secondary Particulate Atmospheric Evolution
TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS - Inversions are layers of warm air above a layer of cooler air. Inversions block the vertical mixing and disruption of pollutants, this allows larger concentrations of pollutants to become trapped.
Schematic showing diurnal cycle of mixing, vertical temperature profiles, and boundary layer height (a) on a day with a weak temperature inversion and (b) on a day with a strong temperature inversion. In (a) the pollutants mix into a large volume resulting in low pollution levels and in (b) pollutants mix into a smaller volume resulting in high pollution levels.
0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Residual Layer
Nocturnal Boundary
Nocturnal Boundary
Nocturnal Boundary
Nocturnal Boundary
Convective Boundary Layer
Convective Boundary Layer
Residual LayerResidual Layer
Residual Layer
SUN
RISE
SUN
SET
MID
NIG
HT
21 22 231
Weak Inversions can be broken by Aloft Pressures and day time heating at the surface. Under these conditions pollutants can mix more freely and disperse.
When there is a strong inversion as indicated, the daytime heating at the surface may not be strong enough to break this inversion. Under such circumstances, vertical mixing of pollutants is weak and pollutants remain trapped at the surface for entire days. Inversion photographed from the top of shanghai tower.
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201644
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
outsi
de250M
200M
150M
100M
50M
0M
Questions:- What height does the pollution get better or worse?- Can building heights impact the quality of air?- Can we open our windows as we go higher?- Potential to reduce filtration and energy load in upper levels.- Potential for increased filtration in lower levels
WE ARE TAKING MEASUREMENTS FROM DIFFERENT HEIGHT INTERVALS INDOOR AND OUTDOOR
STUDY: POLLUTANT ALTITUDE STUDY
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201645
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
050
100
150
200
250
PM0.5 (μg/m3)
PM2.5 (μg/m3)
PM10 (μg/m3)
Bui
ldin
g H
eigh
t (m
)
LOW POLLUTION DAY
-15% -44% -37%
outsi
de250M
200M
150M
100M
50M
0M
STUDY: POLLUTANT ALTITUDE - OUTDOOR READINGS
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201646
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
-15% -31% -33% -27% -40% -38%
050
100
150
200
250
PM0.5 (μg/m3)
PM2.5 (μg/m3)
PM10 (μg/m3)
Bui
ldin
g H
eigh
t (m
)
outsi
de250M
200M
150M
100M
50M
0M
LOW POLLUTION DAY HIGH POLLUTION DAY
STUDY: POLLUTANT ALTITUDE - OUTDOOR READINGS
0
50
100
150
250
300
400
350
450
500
200
Canada Mexico China - ShanghaiPM 2.5 Index
US UKUK Air - DEFRAUS State Department & epaOntario MED Mexico IMEC Shanghai Environmental Bureau
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201647
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0-15 Very Good
16-30 Good
1-50 - Good 0 -35 - Good
36-75 - Moderate
76-115 - Lightly Polluted
151-250 - Heavy Polluted
251-350 - Severely Polluted
30-50 Moderate
50-90 Poor51-100 - Regular
90-more Very Poor
101-150 - Poor
151-200 - Very Poor
>200 - Extremely Poor
12-23 - Low
00-11 - Low0-12 - Good
12.1 - 35.4 - Moderate
35.5-55.4 - Unhealthy to sensitive groups
55.5-150.5 - Unhealthy
150.5-250.4 - Very Unhealthy
250.5-500.4 - Hazardous
+500.4 - Beyond Index Beyond IndexBeyond IndexBeyond IndexBeyond Index
24-35 - Low
36-41 - Moderate
42-47 - Moderate
48-53 - Moderate
54-58 - High
59-64 - High
65-70 - High
>71 - Very High
116-150 - Medially Polluted
According to the Environmental Protection Agency,PM2.5 levels above 500 AQI are equivalent to a Forest Fire
On Jan. 12, 2013 air particulates rose to 1000-AQI in Beijing, 100 times the World Health Organization’s allowable level of 10.
PM2.510 μg/m3 Annual mean
25 μg/m3 24-hour mean
PM1020 μg/m3 Annual mean
50 μg/m3 24-hour mean
World Health Organization: Annual Maximum Exposure
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201650
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
VERY IMPORTANT
SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT
NOT IMPORTANT
75%
24%
02%
75% of people surveyed agree:
Is it very important to track and be aware of current Air Quality Index?
What is the annual AQI of Shanghai and is that unhealthy?
UNHEALTHY FOR SENSITIVE GROUPS
UNHEALTHY
VERY UNHEALTHY
MODERATE
HAZARDOUS
47%29%13%10%01%
47% Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups
Shanghai’s annual AQI reading in 2015 was 53.9, listed as Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201651
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
5 Air Monitoring SitesTSP, SO2, NOx
14 Air Monitoring SitesPM10, SO2, NO2
200,000 Readings
40,00,000 Readings +
DATA QUANTITY
24 Air Monitoring SitesPM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, CO
Air Quality Daily Notification and Forecasting
1980s 1990s 2000-2005 2010 Now
Ozone Daily Notification
24/48 hr Forecasting
AIRNow-I system
- AQI Apps - Real-Time
52 Air Sites & 2 Super Stations- PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, CO, VOC- Haze, Viability- Traffic Monitoring
BAM Units
DEVELOPMENT OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING - Shanghai
SHANGHAIWe Are Here
1
PM2.5 DATA COLLECTION LOCATIONS US Consulate - Hourly Data Collection for PM2.5
1. SHANGHAI
2. BEIJING
3. CHENGDU
4. SHENYANG
5. GUANGZHOU
3
CHENGDU
2
BEIJING
4
SHENYANG
5
GUANGZHOU
8761
Series1 Series2 Series3
Series2Series1 Se ries 3 Series4
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201653
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
200
200
200
200
200
0
0
0
0
0
400
400
400
400
400
600
600
600
600
600
800
800
800
1000
Shan
ghai
Beiji
ngG
uang
zhou
Che
ngdu
Shen
gyan
g
2008200920102011
2012
2012
2012
2012
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2014
2014
2014
2014
2014
TREND COMPARISON - YEAR LONG PM2.5 DATA
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201654
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
In-Progress - Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
In Partnership with:
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2015+
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
SHANGHAI - PM2.5 DATA US Consulate - PM2.5 Hourly Data Collection
Hottest Month Coldest Month
WHO’s Recommended
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Forest Fire Equivalent
PM 2.5
Precipitation
Temp.
Wind Rose
Series3
200
0
400
600
800
2012
48
2013
60
2014
50
Years :
Average :
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201655
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
20
In-Progress - Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
In Partnership with:
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2015+
2012
90
2009
102
2008
85
2013
100
2010
104
2014
94
2011
99
Years :
Average :
200
0
400
600
800
1000
BEIJING - PM2.5 DATA US Consulate - PM2.5 Hourly Data Collection
Hottest MonthColdest Month
WHO’s Recommended
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
WHO’s Recommended
Forest Fire Equivalent
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
PM 2.5
Precipitation
Temp.
Wind Rose
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201656
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
In-Progress - Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
In Partnership with:
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2015+
World Health Organization:Annual Mean for Max Exposure
HOURS
PM2.
5
0
1 42 53 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 2012 16 2113 17 2214 1918 23 24
10
20
30
40
50
60
2012 2013 2014
48 60 50
SHANGHAI - PM2.5 DATA US Consulate - PM2.5 Hourly Data Collection
Yearly 24hr Averages
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201657
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
In-Progress - Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
In Partnership with:
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2015+
World Health Organization:Annual Mean for Max Exposure
HOURS
PM2.
5
0
1 42 53 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 2012 16 2113 17 2214 1918 23 24
20
40
60
80
100
120
BEIJING - PM2.5 DATA US Consulate - PM2.5 Hourly Data Collection
2012
90
2009
102
2013
100
2010
104
2014
94
2011
99
Yearly 24hr Averages
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201658
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Refinement Standards:
China’s allowable sulfur level in fuel is 500% that of the US and 1,500% more than that of Europe. Many believe coal is the primary contributer to ambient air pollution, Vehicle Emissions have surpassed coal in Beijing.
Sulfu
r Con
tent
EU
<10ppm
<30ppm
<150ppm
USA CN
58% Nitrogen Oxides
Vehicle Emissions in China Account for:
40% Volatile Organic Matter
22% Fine Particulate Matter
20000
5
10
15
20
25
30 Total Vehicle Sales in the Millions of Units
2003 20102006 20132001 2004 20112007 20142002 20092005 20122008 2015
Over the past decade, sales accelerated from less than 5 million vehicles in 2002 to nearly 20 million in 2012. About 114 million automobiles are now registered to Chinese residents, with ownership exceeding 1 million across 17 Chinese cities. Source: ISI Group, NBS China, CAAM
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201660
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
China has 128 car owners per 1000 capita compared to -
United States 809 cars owners per 1000 capita
This means there is much more room to grow for China’s car industry and new drives.... this also means increased emissions....
Sulfu
ric D
ioxi
deO
zone
Blac
k C
arbo
nC
arbo
n D
ioxi
de
Beijing and broad swaths of six northern provinces have spent the past week blanketed in a dense pea-soup smog that is not expected to abate until Thursday. theguardian.com, Tuesday 25 February 2014
COMING TO A WEST COAST
Black carbon is a particular problem: Rain doesn’t easily wash it out of the atmosphere, so it persists across long distances. Like other air pollutants, it’s been linked to a litany of health problems, from increased asthma to cancer, emphysema, and heart and lung disease.
BEIJING
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201662
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
24% of pollution
on the U.S. West Coast has been linked to Chinese Manufacturing. Revealed by a UC Irvine & Peking University
Maximum Daily Percent of US sulfate pollution related to Chinese export.
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201663
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Source: - World Health Organization: Figures based on the average annual particulate count for pm2.5- The socioeconomic drivers of China’s primary PM2.5 emissions, Dabo Guan et al 2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 024010
This map overlays Embodied PM2.5 Emissions from Chinese exports, compared to Global pm2.5 Readings from WHOOver 60% of the PM2.5 emissions, or over 1 million tonnes, of primary PM2.5 is for export production in OECD countries. In particular, 22% or 382 thousand tonnes of primary PM2.5 emissions in 2010 are embodied in Chinese exports to North America (United States and Canada)
TRADING EMBODIED EMISSIONS FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS.
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201664
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
EUROPEANUNION
382,000 tons (22%)
38,000 tons (2%)
55,000 tons (3%)
86,000 tons (5%)
358,000 tons (21%)
509,000 TONS
285,000 tons (17%)
509,000 tons (29%)
GLOBAL ELECTRONICSPRODUCTION
SOUTHASIA
EASTASIA
SOUTHAMERICA
NORTHAMERICA
PACIFIC
TRADING EMBODIED EMISSIONS FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS.
Source: - World Health Organization: Figures based on the average annual particulate count for pm2.5- The socioeconomic drivers of China’s primary PM2.5 emissions, Dabo Guan et al 2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 024010
This map overlays Embodied PM2.5 Emissions from Chinese exports, compared to Global pm2.5 Readings from WHOOver 60% of the PM2.5 emissions, or over 1 million tonnes, of primary PM2.5 is for export production in OECD countries. In particular, 22% or 382 thousand tonnes of primary PM2.5 emissions in 2010 are embodied in Chinese exports to North America (United States and Canada)
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201665
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
The transport of manufactured goods across the Pacific Ocean will take at least 10-14 days from coast to coast. Ships traveling at 12 knots or less will reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by 30%.
Source: - World Health Organization: Figures based on the average annual particulate count for pm2.5- The socioeconomic drivers of China’s primary PM2.5 emissions, Dabo Guan et al 2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 024010
This map overlays Embodied PM2.5 Emissions from Chinese exports, compared to Global pm2.5 Readings from WHOOver 60% of the PM2.5 emissions, or over 1 million tonnes, of primary PM2.5 is for export production in OECD countries. In particular, 22% or 382 thousand tonnes of primary PM2.5 emissions in 2010 are embodied in Chinese exports to North America (United States and Canada)
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201666
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
The transport of particulates across the Pacific Ocean will take at least 04-05 days, riding west to east winds at heights of 2,000m to 6,600m. Yellow Dust is a major contributor to pollution found in the Asia region.
Pollution Migration effects the entire Asia Region
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201667
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
May 2014, CNN released the World Health Organization’s list of the world’s 20 most polluted cities, all of which are in Asia & Middle East, regions where Gensler has a large stake in shaping the future of design.
China’s Pollution is a regional issue. Migrating particulate pollution know as Yellow Dust from Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and India is a major contributor to the pollution particulate found in Japan, Korea, and the US.
China is surrounded by the world’s largest polluters.
1 32
4
5
NASA SATELLITE IMAGERY SHOWS THE AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS ABOVE ASIA .
The image below from NASA shows a reading of aerosol concentrations in the air above Asia on April 15th 2013. Satellites are now able to track and monitor major pollution, dust, and smoke events across the world and the information is free and available online.
The smoke (aerosol concentration) will block solar radiation and make the earch dead.
0.0 AEROSOL INDEX 3.0
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201669
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
As a consequence of polluted skies and global dimming, Agriculture struggles to grow in both rual and urban centers. “Now almost every farm is caught in a smog panic,”
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201670
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
FOOD SURPLUSES AND DEFICITS
Chinese scientists have warned that the country’s toxic air pollution is now so bad that it resembles a nuclear winter, slowing photosynthesis in plants – and potentially wreaking havoc on the country’s food supply.
China’s worsening air pollution has exacted a significant economic toll, grounding flights, closing highways and deterring tourists.
Jonathan Kaiman, The Guardian - Beijing 25, February 2014
“NUCLEAR WINTER” CHINA’S ECONOMIC IMPACT
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201672
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
82% of people surveyed said:
It is very important for them to have purified/filtered air in the workplace.
VERY IMPORTANT
SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT
NEUTRAL
NOT IMPORTANT
82%
12%
04%
02%
Taobao reported sales for air purifiers has risen by 293.7 percent year-on-year.
Louie Cheng, president of PureLiving China said “the company has done more proj-ects at schools in the past three months than it had in the previous three years combined”. WSJ
62 GRAMSGrams of particulates one air purifier will create per 1 hour (based on 215 watts):
PART
ICU
LATE
S
3440 GRAMSGrams of particulates one air purifier will create per 1 hour (based on 215 watts):
PART
ICU
LATE
S
16 GRAMSGrams of particulates from the creation of one watt of coal burning energy
Air filters remove pollutants from the air by consuming energy. However, energy in China is mostly
produced by burning coal, which in turn produces more pollutants. The question is, do air filters remove
more than they produce?
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201675
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
WE ARE POLLUTING MOREBy trying to reduce the effects of pollution
COB MECH Filtration = 7% energy increase.
1 Watt of Coal Energy = 16 Grams of particulate
PM2.5NOxSO2
CO2
Coal Emissions = 16% SHG Total Pollution
Society Pays for unclean energy Users
Clean Air & Circulation
Coal Power Plant=70% of China’s Energy
COB infrastructure = 60% of energy demand
1 air purifier will clean
62 GRAMS of pollutant per hour
1 air purifier will generate
3440 GRAMS @ the energy source per hour
(based on 215 watts)
CURRENT COMMERCIAL OFFICE BUILDING MODEL
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201676
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
WE ARE POLLUTING MOREBy trying to reduce the effects of pollution
PM2.5NOxSO2
CO2
Coal Emissions = 16% SHG Total Pollution
UsersCoal Power Plant=70% of China’s Energy
Photosynthesis will generate NO energy source .
Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide
Water Sugar Oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O + SUNLIGHT = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Clean Air &Circulation
COB infrastructure = reduced energy demand
ALTERNATIVE ZERO ENERGY MODEL FOR FILTRATION - PLANTS DON’T USE ENERGY
No energy increase. NO energy demand
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201677
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
What describes your views of nature during the workday?
How many hours a day do you spend in your workplace?
08-12 HRs PER DAY SPEND THEIR WORK DAY WITHOUT SEEING NATURE OR A VIEW TO THE OUTSIDE.
I HAVE INDOOR PLANTS IN MY WORKSPACE, WHICH I SEE REGULARLY.
77% 54%
39%
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201678
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
83% of people surveyed said:
It’s very important to access natural outside air (non-mechanical ventilation).
78% of people surveyed said:
It’s is very important to open their window or at least have the option.
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201679
The instinctive bond between human beings and other living systems.
Forest Bathing: a short leisurely visit to a forest. It is regarded as being similar to natural aromatherapy. Studies show that patients in hospitals with fresh air and outdoor views heal faster than those without.
BIOPHILIA
70% increase in people’s alertness30% reduction in fatigue12% increase in productivitySource: Fast Company
Plants:
Asking Why:
Can plants do more for our environments other than fulfill our biphilic desires?
Are these increased percentages solely because of the biofilic effect?
Could it be the air is more clean and not because the room is more green?
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201681
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Prior to 1980s - Office Illness
Without blame to building or materials, symptoms were reported by tenants in newly constructed homes, offices, and nurseries.
2013 - Gensler - Shanghai
Employee wears a face mask when the AQI goes 500 over index infiltrating indoor. Filter sales rise 300%. The office places air filters in all conference rooms.
1986 - Sick Building Syndrome
Sick building syndrome moved quickly from media to courtrooms where professional engineers and architects became defendants.
2014 - LENDLEASE - Shanghai
Lendlease & Gensler incorporates green walls using planting which specifically targets chemicals and pollutants in the air & break new lows in IAQ.
Photo Courtesy Greenfortune - Lendlease Offices, Shanghai
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201683
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
While Lendlease has seen record lows for CO2 and VOCs, planting is assisted by a mechanical filtration system.
Plants do clean the air, but the extent of their effectiveness in a real world working environment has yet to be quantified.
Photo Courtesy Greenfortune - Shanghai Green House
Additional Contributors:- Matthew Shields
- Alex Przybyla
Partnerships:
Research Leaders
Greenwall Providers
Indoor Air Consulatants
Cloud Base Data Providers
Asparagus fern
Rubber Plant
Lemon Balm Weeping Fig
Golden Pothos
Heart Leaf Philodendron Spider Plant (Chlorophytum Comosum)
Split Leaf Philodendron
Purple Waffle Plant
LEMON BALMLemon balm contains chemicals that appear to have a calming effect. According to research from Ohio State University Department of Psychiatry, the lemon scent the plant produces is described as activating and mood enhancing, reliably raising levels of norepinephrine in study participants.
Source: Fast Compant
ARECA PALM (CHRYSALIDOCARPUS LUTESCENS)Good air humidifier (a 6 foot plam can release 1L of water a day)Good at removing ammonia and formaldehyde
MOTHER-IN-LAW’S TONGUE (SANSEVIERIA TRIFASCIATA)Very effective at removing formaldehyde and benzeneconverts CO2 to O2 at night
GREEN SPIDER PLANT (CHLOROPHYTUM COMOSUM)MONEY PLANT (EPIPREMNUM AUREUM)Removes formaldehyde and other VOCsEasy to care for and fast growing
ENGLISH IVY (HEDERA HELIX)Good for allergiesRemoves Airborne Mold and feces (After 12 hours in a room, it can remove up to 78 percent of airborne mold and 94 percent of airborne feces)
GERBERA DAISY (GERBERA JAMESONII)CHRYSANTHEMUMS (CHRYSANTHEIUM)PEACE LILY (SPATHIPHYLLUM)Beautiful flowering plantsGood at removing AcetoneGood at removing Trichloroethylene benzene
Bamboo Palm (Chamaedorea Seifritzii)
Money Plant (Epipremnum Aureum)
Chinese Evergreen (Aglaonema Modestum)
Gerbera Daisy (Gerbera Jamesonii)English Ivy (Hedera Helix)
Mother-in-Law’s Tongue (Sansevieria Laurentii)Mass cane (Dracaena Massangeana)
Pot Mum (Chrysantheium morifolium) Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum)
Warneckii – Dracaena “Warneckii”)Dracaena (Dracaena)
Best Plants to Clean the Air:
RHIZOSPHERE根圈
Metabolizes VOCs挥发性有机化合物的代谢
Photo Courtesy Greenfortune - Shanghai Green House
Pogostemon cablin
Cyathea australis
TRICHOMES腺毛
Attracts dust, including PM
Photo Courtesy Greenfortune - Shanghai Green House
PHOTOSYNTHESIS光合作用
Replaces CO2 with O2
6CO2 + 6H2O -------> C6H12O6 + 6O2SUNLIGHT ENERGY
Photo Courtesy Greenfortune - Shanghai Green House
Syracuse UniversitySURFACEMechanical and Aerospace Engineering -Dissertations College of Engineering and Computer Science
12-2011
Dynamic Botanical Filtration System for Indoor AirPurificationZhiqiang WangSyracuse University
Follow this and additional works at: http://surface.syr.edu/mae_etdPart of the Mechanical Engineering Commons
This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Engineering and Computer Science at SURFACE. It has been acceptedfor inclusion in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, pleasecontact [email protected].
Recommended CitationWang, Zhiqiang, "Dynamic Botanical Filtration System for Indoor Air Purification" (2011). Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering -Dissertations. Paper 63.
18 the American Gardener 19September / October 2015
CO
UR
TES
Y O
F N
AS
A (
2)
MA
RY
YE
E
ed for a single plant to clean a large space such as a home or office.”
To expand upon these initial experi-ments, NASA built a “closed ecological life support system” called the BioHome at the Stennis Space Center. At 45 feet long by 16 feet wide, it looked a lot like a space-age doublewide trailer. Inside, a kitchen, sleeping area, and bathroom were flanked by a large plant room to test the ability of various species to clean recycled air and raw sewage in a closed loop.
The BioHome allowed Wolverton and his colleagues to conduct “real-world tests, as opposed to a single plant in a small test chamber.” They found that human occu-pants of the BioHome, who initially report-
ed symptoms of exposure to air pollution, could comfortably live in the unit once the plant filtration system was in place.
After NASA reported its intriguing findings, other labs began their own exper-iments. Most of these studies were similar to Wolverton’s initial Plexiglas chamber experiments—a rotating roster of house-plant species placed in small test chambers and exposed to one or two common indoor air pollutants. A glut of research published between the late 1980s and early 2000s con-firmed NASA’s findings: the concentration of pollutants significantly decreased over time in the presence of plants (and their associated soil microbes, which, as it turns
out, may actually be doing the heavy lift-ing—for more on this see box, page 21). It wasn’t long before those now-ubiquitous lists of best plants for improving indoor air quality started popping up.
FIELD TESTINGWhile laboratory tests were an informative first step, they were never meant to model the complexity of real homes and offic-es. “In science there is always a need for complementary studies in the real world and in laboratory chambers,” says Mar-garet Burchett, an adjunct professor at the University of Technology in Sydney, Australia, and a coauthor of one of the few experimental field studies testing the
effect of indoor plants on air quality in office buildings, published in 2007. “Field observations and sampling give us infor-mation on correlations between air/soil/water factors and plant behavior.”
To test plants in the “real world,” the Australian researchers conducted a series of trials in three separate office buildings over a nine-week period. Similar to the lab-based chamber studies, the researchers found that spaces with plants had significantly lower concentrations of air pollutants.
“We found that three plants per office were enough always to reduce total [air pollution] below health risk levels,” says Burchett.
CHALLENGES TO THE RESEARCH But when it comes to our homes and office spaces, do these lab and field studies tell us anything definite? John Girman, former director of the Indoor Environments Cen-ter for Analysis and Studies at the Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA), says no.
In 2009, while working with the EPA’s Indoor Environments Division, Girman coauthored the first critical review of the indoor air phytoremediation research. Published in the Proceedings of Healthy Buildings, the report was coauthored with Tom Phillips, an air pollution specialist in the Indoor Air Quality Program of the California Air Resources Board, and Hal Levin, a research architect and head of the
Building Ecology Research Group, a Cali-fornia consulting firm based in Santa Cruz.
Overall, the review took issue with the small size of experimental test chambers, the scarcity of field studies, the unreal-istic treatment of pollutants, and other methodological issues. On the results of Burchett’s 2007 field study, for instance, the critique pointed out that “variations in ventilation may have been responsible for any apparent pollutant reductions,” and that individual pollutant “concen-trations did not appear to be reduced” in the study. Furthermore, it noted that the five-minute duration of the weekly air sampling was “insufficient to characterize indoor concentrations.”
One of the most glaring problems the review raised was the use of small, sealed test chambers in laboratory studies. In them, one plant takes up a larger relative
18 the American Gardener
CHANCES ARE, you have at least a few houseplants, and you’ve probably heard that they can
clean your air. If not, a quick online search will yield doz-ens of articles on the subject, and many lists comparing specific plants on their abil-ity to filter airborne toxins. Before you breathe easy though, notice that these lists don’t always agree on which species to grow and are vague at best about the science behind their claims.
What do we really know about the air-cleaning abilities of indoor plants, and how can this inform your selections? As it turns out, the situation is much more complex than growing a few houseplants and expecting them to make a big difference.
IN THE BEGINNINGOne of the first investigations into the notion that indoor plants can clean the air was conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-ministration (NASA) in the 1980s. At the time, NASA was tasked with building an international space station and long-term air quality inside the com-pletely sealed environment was a concern.
Bill Wolverton, who was a research scientist in the Science and Technology Laboratory at Stennis Space Center, Mis-sissippi, proposed using plants as a natural air filtration system in imitation of their role on Earth. “Since man’s existence on Earth depends upon a life support system involving an intricate relationship with
plants and their associated microorgan-isms,” Wolverton wrote in the final 1989 report, “it should be obvious that when
he attempts to isolate himself in tightly sealed buildings, away from this ecological system, problems will arise.”
And indeed, problems did arise: many common building materials, such as plastics and particle board, were known to release pollutants into the air. Some of these chemicals had been linked to health problems including chronic headaches, asthma, and skin irritation. NASA scientists began studying various plants to see if they could reduce or eliminate these toxins in con-ditions simulating those in a space station.
FAVORABLE RESULTSIn the earliest studies, a variety of indoor plant species were sealed, one at a time, in Plexi-glas® chambers measuring be-tween 15 and 32 cubic feet. For a sense of scale, a 2013 Toy-ota Prius has about 22 cubic feet of trunk space. So, these chambers were fairly com-pact. After NASA scientists injected high concentrations of benzene, trichloroethylene, and formaldehyde—com-mon indoor air pollutants—into the chambers, they found
that if a potted plant was present, the air was significantly cleaner after 24 hours.
That sounds very promising, but as Wolverton, who is now an environmen-tal consultant, points out, these results should not be taken out of context. “The small Plexiglas chamber studies gave us the ability to control all test parameters and to introduce a single chemical at a time,” he explains. NASA “never intend-
clearing the air about Indoor Plants
A number of common houseplants are widely touted as natural air purifiers, but does research bear this out?
Built in the late 1980s at NASA’s Stennis Space Center in southwest Mississippi, the BioHome, shown in the photo above and as a schematic on the left, housed some of the earliest experiments testing whether indoor plants could remove pollutants from the air and from sewage.
BY AMY GEORGIANNA MCDERMOTT
From Indoor Air BULLETIN, Vol. 2, No. 2, February 1992
Can House Plants Solve IAQ Problems? by Hal Levin, Editor, BuildingEcology.com
The idea of common plants solving IAQ problems is attractive. Most people like having plants in their homes and offices and in the hotels, stores, and public buildings they visit. However, important questions exist as to whether plants can actually affect indoor air sufficiently to warrant their use as air cleaners.
Nearly everyone has read or heard a press story about how common house plants can affect IAQ. Many stories say spider plants or Boston ferns remove formaldehdye. The Associated Landscape Contractors of America (ALCA) and their promotional organization Plants for Clean Air Council aggressively promote the idea through press releases, media briefings, and other efforts.
Some scientists and interiorscapers (people who design and provide plant environments in buildings) say that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) research demonstrates the efficacy of plants as indoor air cleaners. Critics and skeptics include high-ranking officials of the EPA's Indoor Air Division. They say the research, if valid, indicates the need for huge numbers of plants to remove indoor air contaminants as effectively as normal air exchange in an energy-efficient house or in a typical office building. In this article we discuss the research promoting the use of plants, the limitations of the studies, and our own thoughts on the subject.
Advocates' Views
Scientists funded by NASA say their research shows that plants clean indoor air. These scientists and other vigorous advocates say that plants have been cleaning the earth's atmosphere for millions of years. They say that eventually their critics at EPA and elsewhere will realize that using plants is the most reasonable method for indoor air pollution control.
NASA research tested plants' ability to clean indoor air for possible use in space stations. Even before awareness of indoor air pollution increased in the early 1980s, NASA had funded research on using plants to biologically treat waste water. Biological waste water treatment technology proved effective and is used at small- to medium-scale municipal sewage treatment plants and to reclaim water for irrigation.
NASA is concerned about poor indoor air depositing gaseous contaminants on critical electronic components inside spacecraft. NASA contractors test for excessive emissions from both building materials and items taken aboard spacecraft. They even test astronauts' space suits for emissions. Chemicals depositing on spacecraft electronics can cause short-circuiting, arcing, or bridging. The sensitivity of the electronic components and the value of the space program missions have justified carefully cataloguing thousands of materials and products from ball-point pens, cameras and space suits to paints and gaskets. The testing has been so extensive that NASA's emission data may prove applicable to evaluating mundane indoor air pollution sources.
Plant Studies
Dr. Bill C. Wolverton, since retired from NASA's Stennis Space Center in Mississippi, carried out much of NASA's research. He had previously studied the use of plants for waste water treatment. He researched the effectiveness of plants in removing the common indoor air pollutants benzene, trichloroethylene, and formaldehyde. Since leaving NASA, Wolverton has continued to conduct research with funding from ALCA.
ENVIRONMENTALHEALTH PERSPECTIVES
Note to readers with disabilities: EHP will provide a 508-conformant version of this article upon final publication. If you require a 508-conformant version before then, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.
http://www.ehponline.org
ehpAssociations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure
Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments
Joseph G. Allen, Piers MacNaughton, Usha Satish, Suresh Santanam, Jose Vallarino, and John D. Spengler
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510037
Received: 4 April 2015Accepted: 12 October 2015
Advance Publication: 26 October 2015
© NIAA 2001 — The Nursery Papers — Issue nº 2001/2 — Page 1
Pot-plants really do clean indoor air
The aesthetic value of indoor pot plants is easily seen. However, the unseen ability ofindoor plants to improve indoor air quality has never been conclusively shown or, untilnow, quantified. This Nursery Paper explains what the latest research, funded by HRDC,HSNA and associated industry bodies, has shown regarding indoor pot plants.ISSUE
NUMBER:2001/2
B R O U G H T T O Y O U B Y T H E N U R S E R Y I N D U S T R Y L E V YEDITED BY RICHARD STEPHENS. INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT MANAGER. ISSN:1326-1495
By Ronald Wood, Ralph Orwell, Jane Tarran, MAIH and Margaret Burchett, FAIH Plants and Environmental QualityGroup, University of Technology, Sydney Westborne Street, Gore Hill, NSW 2065
Why worry about indoor air quality?Most Australians live in cities, where vehicle-polluted outdoor air enters buildings and isfurther polluted, mostly by Volatile OrganicCompounds (VOCs) from furnishings, fittingsand occupants. Trace amounts of over 300 VOCshave been identified in indoor air. A 1994 CSIROreview found that air inside homes could be 5to 7 times more polluted than outside. City-dwellers spend 90% of their time indoors, soindoor air quality becomes a major healthconsideration.
Plants as decontaminators‘Outdoor’ plants are known to absorb air andsoil pollutants and detoxify them. Plants and soilmicro-organisms are used in the remediation ofcontaminated soils. Previous screening studieshave shown that some ‘indoor’ plants can reduceconcentrations of air-borne VOCs and suggestedthat the micro-organisms of the soil might alsobe involved.
The VOC removal performance of three top-selling species, Howea forsteriana (Kentia palm),Spathiphyllum wallisii var. Petite (Peace Lily),
and Dracaena deremensis var. Janet Craig wascompared. Benzene (a carcinogen) and n-hexane(a neurotoxin) were chosen as the test VOCsbecause they are common in indoor air.
Research at the University of Technology, Sydney, has shown that indoor pot plants doimprove air quality and demonstrated how this occurs. As a result, clear claims cannow be made as to how indoor plants improve air quality, and development of varietieswith an even better capacity for cleaning indoor air can begin .
Pot Plants, such as Kentia Palms, have now been proven toimprove the quality of indoor air.
Phot
o co
urte
sy o
f Tro
pica
l Pla
nt R
enta
ls
PLANT-BASED AIR FILTERSFOR FORMALDEHYDE REMEDIATION IN FEMA TRAILERS
By:
B. C. “Bill” Wolverton, Ph.D.Wolverton Environmental Services, Inc.
514 Pine Grove Road Picayune, Mississippi 39466-9042
Tel. 601.798.5875Email: [email protected]
Website: www.wolvertonenvironmental.com
September 2010
PLANT-BASED AIR FILTERSFOR FORMALDEHYDE REMEDIATION IN FEMA TRAILERS
By:
B. C. “Bill” Wolverton, Ph.D.Wolverton Environmental Services, Inc.
514 Pine Grove Road Picayune, Mississippi 39466-9042
Tel. 601.798.5875Email: [email protected]
Website: www.wolvertonenvironmental.com
September 2010
201519891992
2001
20102009
2012
NASA studies plants affectivety to clean air using small dynamic testing chambers and discovers the importance of microbi-als in the plant soil for removing VOCs
Hal Levin’s critique questions plants ability to clean the air when scaled up from small chambers to larger spaces.
Filter method relies on charcoal based soil and fan driven air circulation. This method will weaken & kill plant roots over time.
While Kamal Meattle’s studies are “real world” Meattle’s air filering strategy still uses some mechanical assistance and can not truly be called a passive air filter.
While the DBFS is proven to work in this instance for at least 300 days... the study does not compare its effect on pollutants outside of LAB conditions nor to a control.
This study directly compares effects of CO2 and VOCs in various controlled work environments, but does not account for the impact of planting.
Lab tests revealed that microbials in soil which had been potted could re-move VOCs without the plant present in the soil, but could not over time.
Gilman believes to scale the NASA project up to real life condition for home or office one needs 5 plants per meter squared.
“More research is needed to determine how much of a difference indoor plants make to air quality, but growing a diverse array like in this living wall most likely has some positive effects.”
Previous Research
1 This study uses no other filtration method other than planting.
2 This study also uses a control room as a baseline for a 1:1 comparison.
3 This study occurs in a active real world work environment... not a lab.
Why is this study different?
400 400
250
1300
NUMBERNUMBERNUMBERNUMBER
B&W P
500w
600d
B&W PLOTTER
1400X1000
B&W P500w600d
COLOR COPY/SCAN1500mmW
B&W P500w600d
COLOR PRINT
B&W COPY
SERVER
COLOR PLOTTER
SCANNER
CONTROL
SCREEN AND
KEYBOARD
FAX
PS
PAPER CUTTING
SCANNER
1750
1400
27 SQM
�11
00
�900
2250
46" TV
600785
4236
46" TV
4095
600
2000
750
LIBRARIAN DESK
1000
400
900
DETAIL WORK IN PROGRESS
TEACHER
650
3440
3600
7600
3551
1314
1141
LT-4
LT-3
LT-2
LT-8
LT-7
LT-6
LT-5
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
LT-1 LT-13
(E)VENT
02
02
02
02
02
01
01
01
03 04
0403
Research Site:
ROOM - 1
ROOM - 2
GREEN ROOM
CONTROL ROOM
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201692
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
400 400
250
1300
NUMBERNUMBERNUMBERNUMBER
B&W P
500w
600d
B&W PLOTTER
1400X1000
B&W P500w600d
COLOR COPY/SCAN1500mmW
B&W P500w600d
COLOR PRINT
B&W COPY
SERVER
COLOR PLOTTER
SCANNER
CONTROL
SCREEN AND
KEYBOARD
FAX
PS
PAPER CUTTING
SCANNER
1750
1400
27 SQM
�11
00
�900
2250
46" TV
600785
4236
46" TV
4095
600
2000
750
LIBRARIAN DESK
1000
400
900
DETAIL WORK IN PROGRESS
TEACHER
65034
40
3600
7600
3551
1314
1141
LT-4
LT-3
LT-2
LT-8
LT-7
LT-6
LT-5
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
LT-1 LT-13
(E)VENT
02
02
02
02
02
01
01
01
03 04
0403
400 400
250
1300
NUMBERNUMBERNUMBERNUMBER
B&W P
500w
600d
B&W PLOTTER
1400X1000
B&W P500w600d
COLOR COPY/SCAN1500mmW
B&W P500w600d
COLOR PRINT
B&W COPY
SERVER
COLOR PLOTTER
SCANNER
CONTROL
SCREEN AND
KEYBOARD
FAX
PS
PAPER CUTTING
SCANNER
1750
1400
27 SQM
�11
00
�900
2250
46" TV
600785
4236
46" TV
4095
600
2000
750
LIBRARIAN DESK
1000
400
900
DETAIL WORK IN PROGRESS
TEACHER
650
3440
3600
7600
3551
1314
1141
LT-4
LT-3
LT-2
LT-8
LT-7
LT-6
LT-5
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
HR
LT-1 LT-13
(E)VENT
02
02
02
02
02
01
01
01
03 04
0403
Conference Room Comparisons:
Green Room = 20.8 M2 Control Room = 20.6 M2
Description TVOC (with living wall) TVOC (without living wall)
Unitis mg/m3 mg/m3
Ambient 0.016 0.096
Marker 2.74 2.93
Carpet 0.004 0.08
Cabinet - 0.1
Plastic Bag - 0.18
Living Wall Fabric 0.18 -
Living Wall Soil 0.12 -
Room 1: GREEN ROOM
Room 2: CONTROL ROOM
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201695
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
At the time monitoring installation Ambient TVOC, PM2.5, and CO2 reading of both rooms were takenMonitors for TVOC, PM2.5, and CO2 reading in both rooms
INSTALLATION & AMBIENT READINGS:
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201696
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Measurement Limit Baseline:
CO2
1000ppm (ASHRAE)
TVOC
0.5 mg/m3 (LEED)
PM2.5
35μg/m3 (EPA)
TEMPERATURE
20oC - 24oC (OSHA)
HUMIDITY
20%-60%(OSHA)
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201697
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
TVOC
Series1 Series2
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
CO2
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/213/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21 3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
DATA SUMMURIZING (MARCH - MAY)
Week Selected: May 8th - May 14th
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201698
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
TVOC
Series1 Series2
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
CO2
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/213/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21 3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 201699
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
TVOC
Series1 Series2
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
CO2
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/213/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21 3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016100
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
TVOC
Series1 Series2
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
CO2
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/213/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21 3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016101
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
TVOC
Series1 Series2
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
CO2
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/213/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21 3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016102
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
DATA ANALYSIS - CO2
Design For Polluted And Toxic EnvironmentsFirmwide Research Projects FY 2016
CO2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0:00
1:00
2:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Chart Title
Series1 Series2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Chart Title
Series1 Series2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
011
:00
12:0
013
:00
14:0
015
:00
16:0
017
:00
18:0
019
:00
20:0
021
:00
22:0
023
:00
Chart Title
Series1 Series2
HOURLY CO2 READINGS
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
CO2
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
0
TVOC
Series1 Series2
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0 015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM
WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7 WEEK 8 WEEK 9 WEEK 10
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016103
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
Qlear Dashboard:
The Qlear Dashboard allows us to monitor and track both study location in real time and down load the data for further analysis.
Holiday Work Week
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016104
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
FEB MAR0
100
200
300
400
673 471
202
820 607
213
825 589
236
795 542
253
16.1% 23.3%5.4%
500
600
700
800
APR MAY FEB MAR APR MAY
MONTHLY CO2 AVERAGES & GREENWALL REFLECTIVITY
MonthlyAverages Greenwall Efficiency
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016109
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
TWO HOUR CONTROLLED MEETING STUDY
The same three participants spent two hours working in each study environment, the data above shows two hours before the participants entered the room & the amount of time following the study that it took for each room to off-gas the CO2 occurred from the three participants.
2 Hours Before 2 Hours During 2 Hours After 4 Hours After 6 Hours After
ASHRAE - Acceptable Limit
Impaired Decision Making
Green Room
Gray Room
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016110
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONINGSTANDARD
DATA ANALYSIS - PM2.5
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
CO2
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
0
TVOC
Series1 Series2
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0 015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016111
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONINGSTANDARD
DATA ANALYSIS - PM2.5
May 11th
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016112
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
TVOC
Series1 Series2
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
TVOC
Series1 Series2
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONINGSTANDARD
DATA ANALYSIS - TVOC0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
CO2
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
0
TVOC
Series1 Series2
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0 015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016113
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
TVOC (mg/m3)
TVOC SPIKE - ROOM OVERLAY
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016114
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
weekly
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONINGSTANDARD
DATA ANALYSIS - TEMPERATURE
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
CO2
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
0
TVOC
Series1 Series2
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0 015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016115
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
3/133/143/153/153/163/173/173/183/193/203/203/213/22
3/223/23
3/243/253/253/263/273/273/283/293/303/303/314/14/14/2
4/34/3
4/44/5
4/64/6
4/74/8
4/84/94/104/114/114/124/134/134/144/154/164/164/174/184/184/194/204/204/214/224/234/234/244/254/25
4/264/27
4/284/28
4/294/30
4/305/15/25/35/35/45/55/55/65/75/75/85/95/10
5/105/11
5/125/12
5/135/145/155/155/165/175/175/185/195/205/205/21
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONINGSTANDARD
DATA ANALYSIS - HUMIDITY
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
CO2
Series1 Series2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
019
:00
4:00
13:0
022
:00
7:00
16:0
01:
0010
:00
19:0
04:
0013
:00
22:0
07:
0016
:00
1:00
10:0
0
TVOC
Series1 Series2
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0 015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
03:
0012
:00
21:0
06:
0015
:00
0:00
9:00
18:0
0
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016116
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0
5
10
15
20
25
0am
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
6am
7am
8am
9am
10am
11am
12am 1p
m2p
m3p
m4p
m5p
m6p
m7p
m8p
m9p
m10
pm11
pm
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0am
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
6am
7am
8am
9am
10am
11am
12am 1p
m2p
m3p
m4p
m5p
m6p
m7p
m8p
m9p
m10
pm11
pm
TVOC
Series1 Series2
2121.5
2222.5
2323.5
2424.5
2525.5
0am
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
6am
7am
8am
9am
10am
11am
12am 1p
m2p
m3p
m4p
m5p
m6p
m7p
m8p
m9p
m10
pm11
pm
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0am
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
6am
7am
8am
9am
10am
11am
12am 1p
m2p
m3p
m4p
m5p
m6p
m7p
m8p
m9p
m10
pm11
pm
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0am
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
6am
7am
8am
9am
10am
11am
12am 1p
m2p
m3p
m4p
m5p
m6p
m7p
m8p
m9p
m10
pm11
pm
CO2
Series1 Series2
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONING
HOURLY DATA TREND - WORKDAY
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016117
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0am
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
6am
7am
8am
9am
10am
11am
12am 1p
m2p
m3p
m4p
m5p
m6p
m7p
m8p
m9p
m10
pm11
pm
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOMAIR CONDITIONING
0am
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
6am
7am
8am
9am
10am
11am
12am 1p
m2p
m3p
m4p
m5p
m6p
m7p
m8p
m9p
m10
pm11
pm
PM2.5
Series1 Series2
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0am
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
6am
7am
8am
9am
10am
11am
12am 1p
m2p
m3p
m4p
m5p
m6p
m7p
m8p
m9p
m10
pm11
pm
TVOC
Series1 Series2
23.824
24.224.424.624.8
2525.225.425.6
0am
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
6am
7am
8am
9am
10am
11am
12am 1p
m2p
m3p
m4p
m5p
m6p
m7p
m8p
m9p
m10
pm11
pm
TEMPERATURE
Series1 Series2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0am
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
6am
7am
8am
9am
10am
11am
12am 1p
m2p
m3p
m4p
m5p
m6p
m7p
m8p
m9p
m10
pm11
pm
HUMIDITY
Series1 Series2
0100200300400500600700800900
0am
1am
2am
3am
4am
5am
6am
7am
8am
9am
10am
11am
12am 1p
m2p
m3p
m4p
m5p
m6p
m7p
m8p
m9p
m10
pm11
pm
CO2
Series1 Series2
HOURLY DATA TREND - WEEKEND
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016118
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18
1
2
PM2.5
0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.2
1
2
TVOC
24 24.2 24.4 24.6 24.8 25
1
2
TEMPERATURE
44 46 48 50 52 54 56
1
2
HUMIDITY
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
1
2
CO2
GREEN ROOMGRAY ROOM
GENERAL COMPARISON
Design For Polluted And Toxic EnvironmentsFirmwide Research Projects FY 2016
thank you in-progress research
Design For Polluted And Toxic EnvironmentsFirmwide Research Projects FY 2016
Design For Polluted And Toxic Environments
Firmwide Research Projects FY 2016120
Can our buildings become the filters for the air we breathe?
DESIGN FOR POLLUTED AND TOXIC ENVIRONMENTS
Can buildings be the filters for the air we breathe?
谢谢The Research Continues