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Design for Recycling-Fundamentals-
Annabe Pretorius
March 2019
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Today’s content
Environmental messages
The need for packaging
Plastics Recycling in South Africa
Why are we not recycling more?
Circular economy
Design for Recycling fundamentals
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Masiphumelele township
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??
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Mechanical
Recycling
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Plastics Recycling - 2017
313 780 tons recycled into new materials
Only 6,3 % of collected waste was exported to be
recycled elsewhere
43,7 % of all recyclable plastics waste collected
for recycling
More than 1 million tons not yet recycled
Plastics|SA
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How much is 313 780 tons?
560x A380 Airbus
aeroplanes
17 million milk bottles
every day for one year
Fuel equivalent of 178 000
cars on the road for 1 year
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Materials recycled in 2017
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Materials recycled in 2017
PE-LD/LLD33%
PET22%
PE-HD20%
PP15%
PVC6%
Other2%
PS & PS-E2%
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Where does it come from?
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Where does it come from? Ex-factory
11%
Post-Industrial
12%
Post Consumer
74%
Toll & In-house
3%
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Mixed &
Colour
PE-LD film
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Post Consumer Recycling
High contamination levels – 25 to 38%
Costly to clean material
Separation at Source – DEA is busy developing
national guidelines
Relying on contractor to pick “profitable” materials
Indirect communication to consumer
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Recyclate Markets 2017
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Recyclate Markets 2017
Flexible packaging23%
Agriculture15%
Clothing & Footwear14%
Building & Construction14%
Rigid packaging 9%
Furniture 6%
Exports 6%
Domestic- & Houseware 4%
Mining & Eng 3%
Polywood1%
Traders 1%
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End Markets
Demand is driver for recycling in SA
Traditional markets saturated
Have to create new end markets
Brand owner commitment towards
recycled content
Consistency and Reliability
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Not being recycled
Not recyclable
− Multi-material
− Multi-layer
Clean, post-industrial
material is recycled by
“polywood” recyclers
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Not being recycled
Not recyclable
Too small to be
picked
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Not being recycled
Not recyclable
Too small to be
picked
Caps, closures and wrappers are
recycled if in the formal waste
system
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Not being recycled
Not recyclable
Too small
No market for recyclate
Too much CaCO3
rPET trays
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Not being recycled
Not recyclable
Too small
No market for recyclate
Uneconomical to collect / recycle
− Not enough
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Not being recycled
Not recyclable
Too small
No market for recyclate
Uneconomical to collect / recycle
− Not enough
− Transport costs
Developing
solution-hubs
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Not being recycled
Not recyclable
Too small
No market for recyclate
Uneconomical to collect / recycle
Not recognisable
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Not being recycled
Not recyclable
Too small
No market for recyclate
Uneconomical to collect / recycle
Not recognisable
Biodegradable or Compostable
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Circular Economy
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Circular Economy
1. Raw material sourcing
2. Manufacturing
3. Distribution
4. Consumer & Retailing
5. Separation at Source
6. Recycling
7. Remanufacture - recycled content
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Circular Economy
1. Raw material sourcing
2. Manufacturing
3. Distribution
4. Consumer & Retailing
5. Separation at Source
6. Recycling
7. Remanufacture - recycled content
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Design for
Recycling
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Useful tools
ISO 14021 & 14025 – Environmental claims
ISO 17098 – materials that may impede packaging
recycling
ISO 18604 – mechanical recycling
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Useful tools
ISO 14021 & 14025 – Environmental claims
ISO 17098 – materials that may impede packaging
recycling
ISO 18604 – mechanical recycling
http://www.recyclass.eu
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Useful tools
ISO 14021 & 14025 – Environmental claims
ISO 17098 – materials that may impede packaging
recycling
ISO 18604 – mechanical recycling
http://www.recyclass.eu
Packaging SA – Design for Recycling Guide
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Useful tools
ISO 14021 & 14025 – Environmental claims
ISO 17098 – materials that may impede packaging recycling
ISO 18604 – mechanical recycling
http://www.recyclass.eu
Packaging SA
Basic fundamentals
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Design fundamentals
End-of-Life
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Design fundamentals
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Design fundamentals
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Is it labelled / marked accordingly?
Is it the best we can do for now?
What should we be doing to be more
environmentally responsible?
Design fundamentals
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Design fundamentals
End-of-Life
Material identification codes
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1 PET
2 PE-HD
3 PVC
4 PE-LD
5 PP
6 PS
7 Not one of the first 6,
e.g. ABS, PC, PETG
Material identification codes
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No material identification code!
PP tub and PS lid – how must the recycler guess??
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Design fundamentals
End-of-Life
Material identification codes
Labels and Sleeves
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Labels & Sleeves
PET bottle, PVC sleeve PE-HD bottle, PVC sleeve
What
material to
be used?
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57
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Labels & Sleeves
What
adhesive to
be used?
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Labels & Sleeves
Anything
the
consumer
must do?
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Design fundamentals
End-of-Life
Material identification codes
Labels and Sleeves
− Material
− Adhesive
− Instructions where necessary
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Design fundamentals
End-of-Life
Material identification codes
Labels and Sleeves
Additives
CaCO3
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Design fundamentals
End-of-Life
Material identification codes
Labels and Sleeves
Additives
Multi-layers where not necessary
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Eco / Econo Packaging
Seldom the cheaper option for consumer
Residual contents
Non-recyclable sachet vs. fully recyclable bottle
Imported materials
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Fully recyclable
Local materials
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Design fundamentals
End-of-Life
Material identification codes
Labels and Sleeves
Additives
Multi-layers where not necessary
Oxo-biodegradable additives
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66
“Going Green” with “100%
biodegradable poly-wrap bag”
March 2012
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Design fundamentals
End-of-Life
Material identification codes
Labels and Sleeves
Additives
Multi-layers where not necessary
Oxo-biodegradable additives
Don’t lie
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Design fundamentals
End-of-Life
Material identification codes
Labels and Sleeves
Additives
Multi-layers where not necessary
Oxo-biodegradable additives
Don’t lie
On pack labelling
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Design fundamentals
If you don’t know – find out!
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Today’s content
Environmental messages
The need for packaging
Plastics Recycling in South Africa
Why are we not recycling more?
Circular economy
Design for Recycling fundamentals