What is design?
achieving goals within constraints
goals - purpose– who is it for, why do they want it
constraints– materials, platforms
trade-offs
Interactions and Interventions
design interactions not just interfaces not just the immediate interaction e.g. stapler in office – technology changes interaction style
designing interventions not just artefacts not just the system, but also …
documentation, manuals, tutorials what we say and do as well as what we make
User-Centered Design Process
1. Understand constraints/context
2. User analysis
2. Task analysis
4. Function allocation
5. Define usability criteria
All of the above included in requirements definition and task analysis.
User-Centered Design (cont’d)
6. Design UI - including help and documentation– Consider alternatives!– Apply formative evaluation techniques & iterate
7. Build & test prototypes– Apply formative / summative evaluation techniques & iterate
8. Build & test the real application– Apply summative evaluation techniques & iterate
9. Release, update and maintain– Apply summative evaluation techniques & iterate
Basic HCI process of design
what iswanted
analysis
design
implementand deploy
prototype
interviewsethnography
what is therevs.
what is wanted
guidelinesprinciples
dialoguenotations
precisespecification
architecturesdocumentation
help
evaluationheuristics
scenariostask analysis
Why is HCI Design Difficult?
Difficult to deeply analyze human behavior May be too close to the domain Cost/features may be considered over good
human factors
Creativity is challenging!
How to be creative?
Ideas come from– Imagination– Analogy– Observation of current
practice– Observation of current
systems
Borrow from other fields
– Animation– Theatre– Information displays– Architecture– ..… metaphor
How do we create and develop new interface ideas and designs?
Project Structure
Group project – 5 people Worth 50% of grade Design and evaluate an interface
– 1 - Understand the problem, users, tasks, environment (15%)
– 2 – Design and prototype (20%)– 3 – Evaluation (15%)
Project Groups
5 people– You decide– Diverse is best!– Consider schedules, email habits, etc.
Form by next Tuesday – cool name Choose topic by Jan. 24 (earlier if possible)
Previous Projects
System for organizing and showcasing art Friend Finder on a cell phone System for assisting anesthesiologists Money tracker in your wallet Mobile photo album Chef’s display in a kitchen
Suggested Project Theme:
Design a service to promote, encourage or support sustainability of the environment.
Coming up with project ideas
Think of someone else– Avoid being biased by your intuitions
Think off the desktop too!– Mobile, handheld, environmental
Think everyday
Think about people first, then technology
Project Topics
Real “client”– family and friends?– Organization you belong to, volunteer with?– Hobbies or other activities?
Domain– Office, home, school
Programming requirements
Leverage team expertise
Full functionality is NOT intention
But good evaluation requires authentic experience
Project Details
Part 0 – Team and topic formation – Due Jan. 24– Create team page on Swiki– Choose a project topic
Part 1 - Understanding the problem – Due Feb. 12– Describe tasks, users, environment, social context– Any existing systems in place– Helps form basis for your requirements– “Describe the problem, not the solution”
Project Details
Part 2a - Design Alternatives poster – Due March 11– Storyboards, mock-ups for multiple different designs– Get feedback on ideas during poster session
Part 2b – System Design and Evaluation Plan – Due April 3
– Description of the system requirements and design– Rationale for design decisions– Plan for conducting evaluation
Part 2c – System Prototype – Due April 3– Prototype that implements all or part of the design– Allows for interactive experience
Project Details
Part 3 – Evaluation – Due April 24– Conduct evaluation with example users– Characterize pros and cons of the UI– Discuss what you would do to fix problems
Part 3b – Presentation – April 24 & 29– In class presentation of the entire project, 15
minutes