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Design VehicleDesign Vehicle
CE 453 Lecture 6CE 453 Lecture 6
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Design VehicleDesign Vehicle►Design Vehicle – largest (slowest, Design Vehicle – largest (slowest,
loudest?) vehicle likely to use a facility loudest?) vehicle likely to use a facility with considerable frequencywith considerable frequency
►Three characteristics that affect Three characteristics that affect almost all aspects of highway designalmost all aspects of highway design PhysicalPhysical OperatingOperating EnvironmentalEnvironmental
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Physical CharacteristicsPhysical Characteristics
► Type (GB defines 20 design vehicle types)Type (GB defines 20 design vehicle types) Passenger Car PPassenger Car P Buses BBuses B Trucks SU, WBTrucks SU, WB RVsRVs Farm tractorFarm tractor
► Size Size LengthLength HeightHeight WeightWeight WidthWidth Height of driver’s eye (car: 3.5’ – avg., truck: 7.6’ – high Height of driver’s eye (car: 3.5’ – avg., truck: 7.6’ – high
side)side) Center of massCenter of mass
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Dimensions of Design Dimensions of Design VehiclesVehicles
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Operating CharacteristicsOperating Characteristics
► AccelerationAcceleration► Deceleration and brakingDeceleration and braking► Power/weight ratiosPower/weight ratios► Turning radiusTurning radius► OfftrackingOfftracking► Headlights (2’ … truck Headlights (2’ … truck
driver/retroreflectivity?)driver/retroreflectivity?)► Friction (ball bank)Friction (ball bank) http://www.cable-car-guy.com/images/ih_truck_ad_dec_1926.jpg
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Environmental Environmental CharacteristicsCharacteristics
► Noise (noise meter)Noise (noise meter)► ExhaustExhaust► Fuel EfficiencyFuel Efficiency► Dust (particulate and VOCs from tires Dust (particulate and VOCs from tires
and brakes)and brakes)
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Selection of Design VehicleSelection of Design Vehicle
► Key ControlsKey Controls Physical and OperatingPhysical and Operating
► Key FactorsKey Factors Proportion and FrequencyProportion and Frequency
► Key TypesKey Types Car – parking lotCar – parking lot SU Truck – res. Intersections, park roadsSU Truck – res. Intersections, park roads City Bus – state hwy, city street, bus routeCity Bus – state hwy, city street, bus route
► See See http://www.pacebus.com/sub/guidelines/development_guidehttp://www.pacebus.com/sub/guidelines/development_guidelines/table%20of%20contents.htmlines/table%20of%20contents.htm for Chicago’s PACE design guide for Chicago’s PACE design guide
School Bus – low vol county, state hwySchool Bus – low vol county, state hwy WB series – freeway ramp, arterial and state hwy, WB series – freeway ramp, arterial and state hwy,
industrial areas, US and Interstate Highwaysindustrial areas, US and Interstate Highways
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State and Local Truck LimitsState and Local Truck Limits
► See See Colorado Truck Legal DimensionsColorado Truck Legal Dimensions► See See
http://www.dot.state.ia.us/mvd/omve/truckghttp://www.dot.state.ia.us/mvd/omve/truckguide.pdfuide.pdf for Iowa Truck Guide for Iowa Truck Guide
► See See http://www.co.jasper.ia.us/new_page_7.htmhttp://www.co.jasper.ia.us/new_page_7.htm for Jasper County permit requirementsfor Jasper County permit requirements
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Turn PathsTurn Paths
►Key variables in turn pathsKey variables in turn paths Centerline turn radiusCenterline turn radius Out-to-out trackOut-to-out track WheelbaseWheelbase Path of inner tirePath of inner tire
►See Autoturn Software Page See Autoturn Software Page http://www.transoftsolutions.com/transhttp://www.transoftsolutions.com/transoft/products/at/product_feat.aspoft/products/at/product_feat.asp
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MinimuMinimum m Turning Turning RadiiRadii
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OfftrackingOfftracking
►Rear wheels do not follow path of front Rear wheels do not follow path of front wheelswheels
► Increases with size of vehicleIncreases with size of vehicle►Decreases with radius of curveDecreases with radius of curve
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Front Overhang and Front Overhang and Difficulty Adjustment (Z)Difficulty Adjustment (Z)
►Radial distance between outside front Radial distance between outside front wheel path and outside front wheel path and outside front bumper/fenderbumper/fender
► Extra width allowance (Z) for difficulty Extra width allowance (Z) for difficulty in maneuveringin maneuvering
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17Double for 4 ln undivided. Values less than 2’ may be neglected.
Total widening recommended (includes front overhang, offtracking and difficulty adj.)
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WideningWidening►Widen inside only when not using Widen inside only when not using
spiral (split even if using spirals)spiral (split even if using spirals)►Paint CL and joint at middle of Paint CL and joint at middle of
pavementpavement►Transition over superelevation Transition over superelevation
transitiontransition►Green book terminology:Green book terminology:
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Effect of grade on truck Effect of grade on truck performanceperformance
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Effect of grade on RV Effect of grade on RV performanceperformance
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Effect of differential speed on crash Effect of differential speed on crash raterate
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Critical GradeCritical Grade►% AND length of grade where “typical” % AND length of grade where “typical”
trucks can maintain a “safe” speedtrucks can maintain a “safe” speedSee also: Highway Capacity Manual
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FrictionFriction
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