-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
1/59
Welcome toDeveloping an Effective
Safety & Health Program
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
2/59
2
Objectives
At the end of the workshop, you will beable to:
1. Explain the benefits of implementing asafety and health management system.
2. Identify the core elements of an effectivesafety and health management system.
3. Describe the key processes in eachprogram element.
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
3/59
Why improve S&H?
Reduce accident related costs
Avoid OSHA penalties
Keep employees safe
Reduce turnover and absenteeism
Profitability Social obligations
4
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
4/59
Benefits
Fewer injuries
Improved employee morale
Reduced absenteeism/turnover
Improved productivity
Lower overhead Increased profits
Overall reduction of 20 40%
5
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
5/59
Accident Costs
Businesses spend $171 Billion/year
Rival the costs of cancer and heart
disease
Workers loose 40% of their income over5 years
Personal cost to family
6
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
6/59
7
Direct Costs are the Tip of
the Iceberg
DIRECT
INDIRECT
Direct Costs:-Medical treatment-Physician
-Hospital-Ambulance-Indemnity(compensation toinjured)
Indirect costs:
-Training andcompensatingreplacementworkers
-Spoiled product
-Cleaning time
-Repair of
damaged property-Investigation ofaccident
-Schedule delays
- Poorer customerrelations
-Legal fees, etc.
http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/smallbusiness/safetypays/index.html -
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
7/59
Indirect Costs
Train replacementemployee
Repair/replacedamaged property
Investigation ofincident
Insurance rateincrease
Schedule delays
Added
administrative time Lower employee
morale
Increasedabsenteeism
Poorer customerrelations
8
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
8/59
9
OSHAs Safety and Health
System ModelMANAGEMENTLEADERSHIP &
EMPLOYEEINVOLVEMENT
WORKSITEANALYSIS
HAZARDPREVENTION& CONTROL
TRAINING
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
9/59
10
Safety and health are an integral part of our
operations.___ Yes __No __Dont know
Teamwork is apparent in all parts of the organization.___ Yes __No __Dont know
Managers and supervisors are out on the floorfrequently and always observe the company safety andhealth rules.
___ Yes __No __Dont know
Employees are encouraged to identify safety and
health hazards and correct them on their own.___ Yes __No __Dont know
Employees have full and open access to all the toolsand equipment they need to do their job safely.
___ Yes __No __Dont know
WHERE DOES SAFETY & HEALTHFIT IN YOUR WORKPLACE?
X
X
X
X
X
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
10/59
What happens if a plantmanager is totally committed
to safety and health, butemployees follow blindly or
are not involved?
11
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
11/59
What if personnel areinstructed to identify
workplace hazards, but noresources are provided?
12
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
12/59
If staff are responsible forcorrecting or eliminatingidentified hazards, but no
training is provided, what isthe outcome?
13
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
13/59
Culture is a combination of
an organizations: Attitudes
Behaviors
Beliefs
Values
Ways of doing things Shared characteristics
14
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
14/59
Culture can:
Socialize newcomers
Define influence
Determine values
15
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
15/59
A strong S&H culture is the
result of: Positive workplace attitudes
Involvement and buy-in of all
Mutual, meaningful, and measurablegoals
Policies and procedures that serve asreference tools
Personnel training
Responsibility and accountability16
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
16/59
17
Elements of Safety & Health
Culture All individuals within the organization believe
they have a right to a safe and healthy
workplace Each person accepts personal responsibility
for ensuring his or her own safety and health.
Everyone believes he or she has a duty toprotect the safety and health of others.
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
17/59
18
Element 1 ManagementLeadership & Employee
Involvement
Management leadership - Motivatingforce and resources
Employee involvement - Meansthrough which workers express theirown commitment to safety and health
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
18/59
19
1. A clear, simple expressionof concern for employeesafety and health;
2. A stated purpose orphilosophy;
3. A summary statementabout the responsibilities ofmanagement;
4. A summary of the role ofemployees; and
5. A closing statement.
Safety & HealthPolicy
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
19/59
20
Why Should Employees be
Involved? Workers know potential hazards and
have a vested interest in effective
protection. Group input provides a wider range of
experience.
Employees are more likely to supportand use programs in which they haveinput.
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
20/59
Ways to include employees
Participating on joint labor-managementcommittees
Conducting site inspections
Analyzing routine hazards
Developing and revising the site S&Hrules
Training
Reporting hazards21
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
21/59
Ways to include employees
Correcting hazards
Supporting fellow workers by providing
feedback on risks
Participating in accident/incidentinvestigations
Performing a pre-use or changeanalysis on equipment or processes
22
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
22/59
23
Accountability System
Established standards
Resources
A measurement system
Consequences
Application
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
23/59
24
Element 2-
Worksite Analysis Managers and
employees analyze
all worksiteconditions to identifyand eliminateexisting or potential
hazards.
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
24/59
25
Workplace Hazard
A "hazard is:An unsafe
that could cause injury or illness to an employee.
or
CONDITION
PRACTICE
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
25/59
26
Four Categories of Hazards
M____
E_____
E____
P_____
aterials
nvironment
quipment
eople
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
26/59
27
To Identify Worksite Hazards
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
27/59
28
Job Hazard Analysis
What can go wrong?
What are the consequences?
How could it happen?
What are other contributing factors?
How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
28/59
29
Hazard Analysis
Grinding Iron Castings Step 1 Reach into
metal box to right ofmachine, grasp casting,
and carry to wheel. Step 2 Push casting
against wheel to grindoff burr.
Step 3 Place finishedcasting in box to left ofmachine.
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
29/59
30
JSA -Additional Hazards & Controls
Potential Hazard Recommended JobProcedure
b. Contact with sharpburrs and edges ofcastings can causesevere lacerations.
1. Use a device as a clamp to pickup castings.
2. Wear cut-resistant gloves thatallow a good grip and fit tightly tominimize the chance that they will
get caught in grinding wheel.
c. Strains to lower backfrom reaching, twisting,and lifting 15-pound
castings from the floor.
1. Move castings from the groundand place them closer to the workzone to minimize lifting. Ideally,place them at waist height or on
an adjustable platform or pallet.2. Train workers not to twist whilelifting and reconfigure work stationto minimize twisting during lifts.
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
30/59
31
Safety & Health Inspections
Cover entireworksite
Regular intervals Inspectors trained
Hazards tracked tocorrection
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
31/59
Why an inspection might be
conducted To meet OSHA standard
Involve team in S&H
Identify areas of undue risk and highloss potential
Check past training and skills
development
32
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
32/59
Why an inspection might be
conducted Identify and develop positive safety
attitudes
Suggest better job methods Reinforce the positive efforts of people
in the workplace
33
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
33/59
34
Sample Inspection Report
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
34/59
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
35/59
36
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
36/59
37
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
37/59
38
Inspection Report
Date: Inspection Team:
Number &
Classification
Findings
Hazard ClassificationA = Loss of life, body part, extensive damage
B = Serious injury or property damage
C = Non-disabling injury or minor damage
Exit blocked by boxes and other storage. Could lead todeath/serious injury in case of fire or other emergency.1 A
2 BChain and sprocket with guard removed. Could causeamputation or other injury.
3 BOverhead storage area with no guardrail or toeboard. Fallinghazard for those on upper level. Also, boxes could fall fromupper level onto those below.
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
38/59
39
1
29
300
SeriousInjury
MinorInjury
Near Miss
Incidents
Heinrichs Accident Pyramid
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
39/59
40
Accident Investigation
Procedures1. A clear policy statement.
2. Identification of those authorized to notify
outside agencies (fire, police, etc.).3. Designation and training of thoseresponsible to investigate accidents.
4. Timetables for conducting the investigation
and follow-up.5. Identification of those who will receive the
report and take corrective action.
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
40/59
41
Causes of Injuries, Illnesses
and Accidents Direct Causes
Indirect Causes
Root Causes
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
41/59
Direct Cause
Always a harmful transfer of energy
Can take the form of: Acoustic
Chemical
Electrical
Kinetic
Mechanical
Potential
Radiant
Thermal42
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
42/59
Indirect Causes (Unsafe
acts/conditions) Specific hazardous conditions and/or
unsafe management or employees
actions May directly produce or indirectly
contribute to the accident
May exist or occur at any time May involve actions of victims or others
43
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
43/59
Root Causes
The system weaknesses that producethe surface causes for the accident
Include inadequacies in managementprocedures, standards, and controls
44
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
44/59
Case Study
45
Ike on Loan
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
45/59
46
Ike on Loan
Answers Direct causes Brakes failed and Ike drove off
end of dock.
Indirect causes (Unsafe acts or conditions) Notinspecting vehicle before operation; vehicledriven without sufficient brake fluid; protectivebarrier removed from dock.
Root Causes (Management system weaknesses) Inadequate selection of employee bymanagement; Ineffective training program;Maintenance program/procedures inadequate;Ineffective inspection program.
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
46/59
47
Element 3 Hazard Prevention and Control
Hierarchy of Controls
Engineering controlsSafe work practices
Administrative procedures
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Systems to track hazard correction Preventive maintenance systems
Emergency plans
Medical programs
Systems used to prevent and controlhazards include:
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
47/59
48
Control Measures?
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
48/59
49
Control Measures?
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
49/59
50
Emergency Action Plan
Survey of possible emergencies
Planning actions to reduce impact onthe workplace
Employee information and training
Emergency drills as needed
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
50/59
51
Medical Programs
Size and complexity of a medical programdepends on:
Type of processes and materials and therelated hazards,
Type of facilities,
Number of workers,
Characteristics of the workforce, and Location of each operation and its proximity
to a health care facility.
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
51/59
52
Element 4 Safety and Health Training
Education tells Why
Training shows How
Experience improves Skills
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
52/59
53
Five Principles of
Teaching and Learning Trainees should understand purpose of
training
Organize information to maximize
effectiveness Immediately practice and apply new
knowledge and skills
As trainees practice, feedback needed
Effective training incorporates a variety ofmethods
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
53/59
54
Safety and Health ProgramEvaluation
All evaluations shouldinvolve:
A review ofdocuments
Employeeinterviews
A site tour
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
54/59
55
1. Management Leadership andEmployee Involvement
Policy, Goal and Objectives
How visible and effective is management leadership?
How effective is employee involvement in identifyingsafety and health problems and in finding solutions?
How clearly is responsibility for safety and healthassigned?
Are adequate authority and resources allocated to theprogram?
Are responsible people held accountable?
How does the site assure that only safe contractorscome on the site and that they are held responsible forsafety and health while working there?
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
55/59
56
Have comprehensive surveys been done? Have pre-use analyses been done before
purchase and installation of new equipment,processes, and materials?
Are routine hazard analyses being done and usedeffectively?
Are periodic site inspections being done asscheduled, and are existing hazards being found?
Is the system for employees to report hazards
effective? Are all near-misses, incidents, and accidents
reported and investigated effectively?
Are the results of all worksite analyses being
tracked to resolution?
2. Worksite Analysis
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
56/59
57
3. Hazard Prevention andControl
Are engineering, work practice and administrativecontrols in place and effective?
Is the availability, use, and maintenance of PPE
appropriate? Is the preventive maintenance system working
well?
Have emergency drills been conducted and
critiqued? Is the medical program adequate and effective?
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
57/59
58
4. Training
Is appropriate training being conducted?
Are employees learning what they should?
Are any unsafe work practices being used?
Are training records easily accessible andcomplete?
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
58/59
59
Summary
This workshop has covered:
The benefits of implementing a safetyand health management system;
The core elements of an effective safetyand health management system; and,
The key processes within each program
element.
-
8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program
59/59
60
Closing
You now have the tools
With time andexperience, you canreach your goal
Effective S&HManagement
System