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Diabetes: What Everyone Needs to Know!
Terri Brinston RN, MA, CLNC
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What is Diabetes?
A condition in which the body cannot make or
cannot use insulin properly.(Video)
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Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 (insulin-dependent) Cause, Prevention, Treatment
Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent)
Gestational DM
Other
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Fasting BS Random BS
Under 100
100 - 125
Under 140
Diabetes
Pre - Diabetes
No Diabetes
140 – 200
126 and above
Over 200WithSymptoms
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Risk Factors Type 2 D
Overweight (Abdominal) Over 45 years old Sedentary Lifestyle Non-White Race Family History of DB Family History of High
BP History of High BP (self) High Cholesterol History of Gestational DB Delivered a baby > 9 lbs.
Goals: Women < 35Men < 40
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Signs/Symptoms Type 2D
Frequent Urination
Thirst Appetite Changes Blurred Vision Tiredness;
Sleepiness Weight Changes Headaches
Skin Infections Slow Healing Yeast Infections Urinary Infections Dry Skin; Itching Numbness; Tingling Feeling / Acting
“Evil” High Blood Pressure Cholesterol Problems
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Estimated prevalence: Nearly 24 million
Nearly 8% of the U.S. population Almost 25% of persons over age 60 90 - 95% have type 2
25% do not know they have it! 57 million have pre-diabetes 24% have Metabolic Syndrome Projected 44-68% increase in diabetes by
2015 8% per year
Diabetes in the United States
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Obesity and Diabetes 1:3 Americans are obese 1:5 Americans are morbidly obese 80% of all Type 2 diabetics are
overweight Obesity in children has doubled in 20 years Type 2 diabetes in children has tripled in the last 5 years
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Children and Type 2 Diabetes
Mean age: 12-14 years old
Girls > Boys Overweight 94% are in
minority groups 74-100% have a
strong family history
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Overweight Kids Become Overweight Adults 50% of overweight
children become overweight adults
26-41% overweight preschool children will become overweight adults
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Saturday Morning Influence
61% of all commercials
are for FOOD
90% are for sugared cereals, candy
bars, fast food, and chips
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Diabetes…
…we have pills and insulin to control it, so what is the big
deal?
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Costs of Diabetes in the U.S.
$174 billion each year
$116 billion in direct medical costs
$58 billion in indirect costs
Missed work Lost productivity 1 in 10 healthcare
dollars spend on diabetes/complications
Human costs 7th leading cause of
death
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Health Impact of Diabetes in the United States
Diabetes
National Diabetes Fact Sheet, United States, November 2003.Available at http:;;www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/factsheet.htm.
6th leading cause of death
73% of adults have HTN and/or take meds
Heart disease is theleading cause of death
Leading cause ofkidney failure
Leading causeof adult blindness
Neuropathy in 60-70% of patients contributes to high incidence of lower-limb amputation
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40
15 13 1310
4 5
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
en
t of
death
s
Geiss LS, et al. In: Diabetes in America. National Institutes of Health;1995.
Causes of Death in Diabetes
Isch
emic
heart
disea
se
Oth
er h
eart
dise
ase
Diabe
tes
Canc
er
Stro
ke
Pneu
mon
ia/
influe
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All
other
www.hypertensiononline.org
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Preventing Diabetes --or Living Healthy with
It!
Lifestyle Changes Healthy Eating Regular Exercise Healthy Weight
Weight Loss (7% of weight)
Medications Weight Loss Surgery
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Healthy Eating
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Reading Food Labels
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Plate MethodFill ½ of the plate with non-starchy vegetables
Add a servingof a protein food
Choose a carbserving
Don’t forget the dairy!
Finish with a fruit
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210
320
450
610
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1960 1978 1995 1999
Year
Ca
lori
es
The Supersizing PhenomenonPortion Control - It Does Matter!
77G
68G
57G
26 Grams Carbs
10G Fat
22G
26G 29G
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Activity and Exercise
30 minutes of moderate activity on most days of the week
This does NOT
Count!
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Inactivity and DiabetesInactivity and Diabetes
What’s wrong with this picture?
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Height Normal
BMI=<25
Overweight
BMI=25-29
Obese
BMI=30-39
Extreme Obesity BMI=>40
5 ft 0 in Up to 127 Up to 152 Up to 203 Over 203 5 ft 1 in Up to 131 Up to 157 Up to 210 Over 210
5 ft 2 in Up to 135 Up to 163 Up to 217 Over 217 5 ft 3 in Up to 140 Up to 168 Up to 224 Over 224
5 ft 4 in Up to 144 Up to 173 Up to 231 Over 231
5 ft 5 in Up to 149 Up to 179 Up to 239 Over 239
5 ft 6 in Up to 154 Up to 185 Up to 246 Over 246 5 ft 7 in Up to 158 Up to 190 Up to 254 Over 254
5 ft 8 in Up to 163 Up to 196 Up to 261 Over 261
5 ft 9 in Up to 168 Up to 202 Up to 269 Over 269
5 ft 10 in Up to 173 Up to 208 Up to 277 Over 277 5 ft 11 in Up to 178 Up to 214 Up to 285 Over 285
6 ft 0 in Up to 183 Up to 220 Up to 293 Over 293
6 ft 1 in Up to 188 Up to 226 Up to 301 Over 301
6 ft 2 in Up to 193 Up to 232 Up to 310 Over 310 6 ft 3 in Up to 199 Up to 239 Up to 318 Over 318
6 ft 4 in Up to 204 Up to 245 Up to 327 Over 327
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Medications Controlling Diabetes
Pills, Insulin, and other Injectables
Weight Loss Orlistat (Alli- OTC) Meridia Others
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Treatment
Pumps, Inhaler, Jet Injectors, Insulin pens, I-Port Injector Port
http://youtu.be/q96wj1kVvlc
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”The distance is nothing; it is only the first step that is difficult.”
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http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/schools/SAS-Booklet-
Safe at School http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/
schools/SAS-Booklet-2010.pdf Foarms:
2http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/schools/dmmp-form.pdf010.pdf