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1
Lung Cancer and Prevention in Mining Symposium
July 10th – 11th, 2017
Sudbury, Ontario
Michel Grenier – CanmetMINING, Natural Resources Canada
Diesel Particulate Matter - Limits of Exposure and Exposure Data
Control Measures in Mining Session
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Outline
Background information
Exposure limits
Exposure data
What’s next?
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Controlling Exposure Requires Monitoring
Exposure Sampling and Analysis
- Enables assessment of impact of control measures- Is a legislated requirement
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Health Concern
Nose and throat remove particles greater than 10 µm
Trachea and upper bronchi remove particles 2.5 µm to 10 µm
Particles between 0.1 µm and 2.5 µm are deposited in bronchioles and alveoli
Particles less than 0.1 µm (diesel) reach all areas of lung and to some degree diffuse into body tissue
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The Case of Claude Fortin
Fortin was a Québec U/G gold miner (25 years service)
A physically active non-smoker
Diagnosed with lung cancer, passes away December 25th, 2009
2103 Québec superior court upholds the regulators assertion that this represents an occupational disease (diesel exposure)
Source: Le Devoir, January 25th 2013
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Exposure Limits
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Current North American Exposure Limits
1992 – MSHA (USA) begins developing dpm rule
Canadian Diesel ad hoc Committee proposes 1.5 mg/m3 dpm exposure limit - Adopted in 1992 by B.C. and Ontario
2003 - MSHA adopts 0.4 mg/m3 exposure limit –becomes 0.16 mg/m3 in 2008 *
Québec - 0.6 mg/m3 (Spring 2003) **
Ontario - 0.4 mg/m3 (January 2012) *
** since revised down to 0.4 mg/m3
* dpm measured as Total Carbon (TC) – NIOSH 5040 method
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Exposure Data
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* CanmetMINING Analytical Laboratory data
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U.S. 0.16 mg/m3
Ontario 0.40 mg/m3
Québec 0.60 mg/m3
Canada 1.50 mg/m3
* CanmetMINING Analytical Laboratory data
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Percentage of Samples in Excess of Various Exposure Limits – 2013 Canadian
Underground Mine Data (1000+ samples)
Exposure limit (mg/m3)% of samples in
excess of limit
1.5 (Canada) 0
0.6 (2003 Québec) 1.5
0.4 (Ontario) 3
0.16 (USA – MSHA) 26
* CanmetMINING Analytical Laboratory data
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Year by Year Percentage of Samples in Excess of USA Limit
* CanmetMINING Analytical Laboratory data
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Diesel Equipment in Mines
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Clean Modern Engines
Source: Diesel Technology Forum
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Ventilation Rate per Brake Power
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Brake Power (HP)
CS
A V
en
tila
tio
n R
ate
(C
FM
)
Source: CanmetMINING – Diesel Certification data
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17
Diesel U/G for the Foreseeable Future??
Next 5 years likely business as usual
Electric vehicles set to make a break through?
Several manufacturers of electrical Light-duty Vehicles
Goldcorp’s Borden mine all electric by 2019
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Industrial Fabrication Inc. - MINECAT General Electric
RDH Mining RDH Mining EquipmentPrairie Machine and Parts
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Impact on U/G Mining and H&S
Ventilating for dpm control has been the golden rule in mining
Control diesel concentrations and often every other substance or physical agent is ok
Question: as diesel engines get cleaner or alternative energies take over…
How will we manage ventilation engineering in the future?
Are we ready to safely adopt various forms of alternative energy (hydrogen fuel cells, Li-ion batteries, etc.)?
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Thank you…
Merci!
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DPM personal sample
no violation
DONETC ≥ 191 EC ≥ 176
analyze
area sample
TCadj ≥ 202*
no yes
no
no
violation
DONE
yes
determine TC:EC
ratio of
area sample
multiply EC from
personal sample
by TC:EC ratio
from area sample,
defined as TCadj
* Enforceable limit (PEL x EF) for TCadj depends on number of area samples taken.
Above example for 1 area sample. For more than 1 area sample, see table.
are
controls
feasible?
yesno violation
DONE
yes
respiratory
protection
in use per
§57.5060(d)
no
noyes