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Ground floors
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Purpose of floors
To provide a level surfacecapable of supporting the
occupants of a buildingfurniture, equipment and
sometimes internal partition
Adequate strength and stability
Adequate fire resistance
Sound insulation
Damp resistance
Thermal insulation
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Difference betweenGround floors & Upper floors
The floor of each storey situatedabove the ground level are knowas upper floors
It is very important as they aresupported only at their ends, aswalls, beams etc
Upper floor don't have problemdue to damp resistance, thoughsound insulation is generally animportant factor. fire resistance isalso important
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GROUND FLOORS
The floorsupported directlyon the ground are
known as solidfloors
The floorsupported abovethe ground level
are calledsuspended floors.They are generally
made of timber
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Two essential components:
(I)Sub floor, base course or floor base
It support floor covering so that it doesn'tSettle. It provide damp resistance and thermalinsulation
(II) Floor covering or simply flooring
Components of a floor
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Materials for construction
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Flooring commonly used in our country
Moorum orMud flooring
Brick flooring
Flag stone
flooring
Cementconcreteflooring
Terrazzoflooring
Mosaic
flooring
Tiled flooring
Woodenflooring
Marbleflooring
P.V.C flooring
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Others are
Asphaltflooring
Rubberflooring
Linoleumflooring
Corkflooring
Glassflooring
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Selection of flooring material
Initial cost
The cost of the material should be in conformity withthe type of building
Appearance
Covering should give a pleasing appearance. It shouldhave an desired colour and architectural beauty
Cleanliness
The flooring should be capable of being cleanedeasily and it should be non-absorbent to water, oil,grease etc
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Durability
The flooring should have sufficient resistance towear, temperature changes, disintegration with
time and decay, so that long life is obtained
Dampresistance
Flooring should be resistant against
dampness,so that healthy envionment isobtained in the building
Soundinsulation
Flooring should insulate soil. It shouldn'tproduce noise while walking
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Thermal
insulation
Flooring should offer good thermal insulationso that comfort is imparted to the residents of
the building
Fireresistance
Flooring should be resistant against dampness.Flooring material should offer sufficient fire
resistance so that fire barriers are obtainedbetween different levels of building
Smoothness
It shouldn't be slippery
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Hardness
It should resist to indention marks, imprints
Maintenance
The repairs can be done easily shouldn't beslippery
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Mud flooring
Over a well-prepared ground, a 25 cm thickselected impervious moist earth is spreadand is then rammed well to get a compacted
thickness of 15 cm In order to prevent cracks due to drying, small
quantity of chopped straw is mixed in themoist earth, before ramming.
A thin paint of cement - cow dung is added(1:2 to 1:3)
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Mud flooring
Advantages
Easy to constructand easy to
maintain
Cheap, hard andfairly
impervious
It has goodthermal insulation
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Muram flooring
A 15 cm thick layer of muram is laid over aprepared sub-grade
A 2.5 cm thick layer of powder muram is
spread and water is sprinkled over it
After ramming, the surface is saturated witha 6 mm thin film of water
Surface is trampled under the feet ofworkmen till the cream of muram rises to thetop
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Brick floor covering
Advantages
Cheap construction
Non sleepery
Doesn't crack due
to variation intemperature
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Brick floor covering
Disadvantages
Cannot be washed andcleaned properly
Collects dust
It is an absorbent innature(it absorbs water)hence cannot be used in
latrine, bathrooms,Kitchen etc
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