Download - Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates
![Page 1: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
Dr Rohini C sane
Professor
Department of Biochemistry
DYP Medical College ,Ebene
![Page 2: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
NO ENERGY REQUIRED DOWN HILL –HIGH CONC TO LOW CONC
![Page 32: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
TRANSPORT DOWN HILL ( HIGH CONTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION )ALONG CONCENTRATION GRADIENT (NO ENERGY REQUIRED ,MEDIATION OF CARRIER PROTEINS,PING PONG MODEL ) FRUCTOSE ,& MANNOSE GLUT -5-BRUSH BORDER ( GLUCOSE , GALACTOSE CAN USE )SODIUM DEPENDENT TRANSPORTER GLUT -2 PORTAL CIRCULATION –BEING TRANSPORTED TO LIVER INSULIN REGULATE GLUCOSE TRANSPORT IN MUSCLE & ADIPOSE TISSUE
![Page 33: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Na+ K+ pump –maintenance of high k & low Na INTRACELLULARLY –NERVE IMPULSE PROPOGATION INTRACELLULAR HIGH POTASSIUM CONC NEEDED FOR OPTIMAL GLYCOLYSIS ( PYRUVATE KINASE DEPENDENT ON K )& PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS
![Page 41: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
ABSORPTION OF SUGAR TAKES PLACE IN DUODENUM & UPPER JEJUNUM
Na +k + pump3 Na+ (IN )+2 K+ (OUT ) +ATP
+ 3 Na+ (OUT )+2 K+ ( IN)+ADP + PI QUABAIN & DIGITOXIN –INHIBITORS DIGITOXIN—TREATMENT OF CONGESTIVE
CARDIAC FAILURE & IMPROVES CARDIAC CONTACTILITY QUABAIN (AFRICAN SHRUB )—HUNTING ARROWS –
![Page 42: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
ORT –ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY –COMMON TREATMENT OF DIAARHOEA –ORAL REHYDRATION FLUID CONTAINS GLUCOSE (ENERGY)& SODIUM (OSMOSIS RETENTION OF WATER ) –SYMPORT
![Page 43: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
FRUCTOSE TRANSPOTED BY FACILITATED DIFFUSIONMEDIATED BY CARRIER & CONVERTED TO GLUCOSE
MECHANISM OF ABSORPTION OF GALACTOSE SIMILLAR TO GLUCOSE & BLOCKED BY PHLORIZIN
![Page 44: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
SODIUM DEPENDENT UNIDIRECTIONAL
TRANSPORT
SGLT- 1 SMALL INTESTINE & KIDNEY ( SGLUT -2) DEFECTIVE IN CONGENITALGLYCOSURIA
ACTIVE UPTAKE OF GLUCOSE FROM LUMEN OF INTESTINE /MOST CELLS
REABSORPTION OF GLUCOSE IN PROXIMAL TUBULE OF KIDNEY AGAINST CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS IN VARIOUS TISSUES FOR ITS UPTAKE
![Page 45: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Glucose transporters for glucose uptake
Facilitative bidirectional transporters
TISSUE TRANSPORT
1 GLUT 1 BRAIN ,KIDNEY ,COLON ,RBC, PLACENTA
2 GLUT 2 LIVER ,PANCREAS ,INTESTINE ,KIDNEY,BETA CELLS
INTESTINAL CELLS RELEASE GLUCOSE IN CAPILLARIES (UNIPORT ,FASCILITATED DIFFUSION,PING –PONG )SENSE HIGH GLUCOSE LEVELS –RELEASE INSULIN BY BETA PANCREATIC CELLS
3 GLUT 3 BRAIN ,KIDNEY ,PLACENTA
4 GLUT 4 HEART ,SKELETAL MUSCLES ,ADIPOSE TISSUE ( INSULIN STIMULATED UPTAKE OF GLUCOSE )
ONLY TRANSPORTER UNDER CONTOL OF INSULIN IN MUSCLE & FAT CELLS CONC REDUCED IN DM –ENTRY OF GLUCOSE IN MUSCLE REDUCED
5 GLUT 5 SMALL INTESTINE ONLY TRANSPOTER FOR FRUCOSE ,IN TESTIES & SPERMS
![Page 46: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
RELATIVE RATE OF ABSORPTION OF INTESTINAL LUMEN
COMPARISON WITH GLUCOSE
1 GALACTOSE 110 (MILK –NEW BORN SORCE OF ENERGY/GALACTOSE EPIMERIZED TO GLUCOSE )
2 D-GLUCOSE 100 (SALINE + GLUCOSE )
3 D- FRUCTOSE 43
4 D -MANNOSE 20
5 D-XYLOSE 15
6 D-ARABINOSE 9
![Page 47: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Abnormalities of carbohydrate digestion • Monosaccharides absorbed efficiently.
• Defect in disaccaridases –osmosis by undigested disaccharides ,---diarrhea ---flatulence ( UTILIZATION OF DISACCHARIDES BY BACTERIA –formation of H2/CO2/CH4 )
• Alteration in mucosa of small intestine –(observed in intestinal diseases ,drug therapy,) ---treatment restrict consumption of sucrose ,lactose
• Genetic causes –intolerance of specific disaccharide
![Page 57: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Lactose intolerance
• Defect –lactase (congenital/acquired –sudden high intake of milk products )
• Half of world population suffers from Lactose intolerance
• More common in Africans & Asians
• Symptoms –flatulence
• Management –restrict consumption of lactose (milk)
• Curd/yeast –source of lactase
![Page 58: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Sucrase deficiency
• 10% Eskimos of Greenland & North Americans
• RESTRICT DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF SUCROSE
![Page 59: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
FLATULENCE
• INGESTION OF LEGUMINOSE SEEDS –BENGAL GRAM,BEANS ,SOYABEAN ,PEAS
• NONDIGESTABLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES BY HUMAN ENZYMES –UTILIZATION BY BACTERIA—FLATULENCE –formation of H2/CO2/CH4 )
• eg --RAFFINOSE –-OLIGOSACCHARIDES -GALACTOSE ,GLUCOSE ,FRUCTOSE
![Page 60: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Non digestible carbohydrate • DIETARY FIBRES –CELLULOSE ,HEMICELLULOSE ,PECTIN LIGNIN,GUMS
![Page 61: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
ADVANTAGES OF DIETARY FIBRES(CELLULOSE ,HEMICELLULOSE ,LIGNIN,PECTINS)
IMPROVES GLUCOSE TOLERANCE(DIMINISHED RATE OF ABSORPTION OF GLUCOSE )
DECREASED ABSORPTION OF CHOLESTEROL FROM INTESTINE >>>>REDUCE PLASMA
CHOLESTEROL LEVELS
FIBRES BIND WITH BILE SALTS & REDUCE ENTERO HEATIC CIRCULATION >>>DEGRADATION
OF CHOLESTEROL TOBILE SALTS & ITS DISPOSAL FROM BODY IS INCREASED
PREVENTS CONSTIPATION (INCREASING BULK OF FAECES BY ABSORBING WATER )
ELEMINATES BACERIAL TOXINS (ADSORPTION OF TOXIC COMPOUNDS )
LOWER INCIDENCE OF GIT CANCER
SATIETY VALUE –SENSETION OF STOMATCH FULLNESS , SATIETY WITHOUT CONSUMPTION
OF EXCESS CALORIES
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DIETARY FIBRES
DIGESTION & ABSORPTION OF PROTEINS ARE ADVERSLY AFFECTED
INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF MINERALS CALCIUM ,MAGNESIUM ,PHOSPHOROUS
DECREASED
INTESTINAL BACTERIA FERMENT FIBRES CAUSING FLATULANCE
![Page 62: Digestion & absorption of carbohydrates](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042522/55a8d7d11a28abb93e8b459b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Thank youGOOGLE IMAGES