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Digestion
• Digestion is the process of converting large molecules into small molecules capable of passing into the bloodstream to be carried throughout the body and used for many different purposes.
• In one part of the digestion process, enzymes in your small intestines convert large water-insoluble molecules into small water-soluble molecules that can migrate through the lining of the intestines and dissolve in the blood, which is about 92% water.
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Disruption of Salt Bridge
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Protein Hydrolysis
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Enzymes
• Catalysts speed chemical changes without being permanently altered themselves.
• Enzymes are naturally occurring catalysts.
• The chemicals that they act on are called substrates.
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Protein Active Site
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Enzymes
• Very specific due to– Shape – “Lock and Key”– Positions of binding groups, which attract
substrates to the active site, the portion of the enzyme where the reaction occurs.
– Positions of the catalytic groups that speed the reaction.
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Enzymes Speed Chemical Reactions
• Provide a different path to products that has more stable intermediates and therefore requires less energy.
• Give the correct orientation every time.
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Digestion Products
Substance in Food Products of Digestion
disaccharides monosaccharides
polysaccharides glucose
protein amino acids
Triglycerides (fats and oils)
glycerol and fatty acids
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Sucrose Hydrolysis
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Amylose Hydrolysis
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Triglyceride Hydrolysis