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In The Name Of God
Digital Image ProcessingDigital Image Processing
Lecture1:
Introduction
By: M. Ghelich OghliM. Ghelich OghliE-mail: E-mail: [email protected][email protected]
Fall 2012tvtoitc.ir
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1. Digital Image Processing, Third Edition (Text Book) Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
2. Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
References
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3. Digital Image Processing, 5th EditionBernd Jahne
4. Digital Image Processing, Third EditionWILLIAM K. PRATT
5. Handbook of Image and Video ProcessingAL Bovik
References
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What is Image Processing
• Image processing is a subclass of signal processing concerned specifically with pictures.
• Improve image quality for human perception and/or computer interpretation.
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Why Image Processing?
• The future is multimedia information processing
• Images and videos are everywhere
• Many and diverse application
– Astronomy, Biology, Geology, Geography, Medicine, Law enforcement, Defense, Industrial inspection, …
– Different imaging modalities: Visual, X-Ray, Ultrasound, Infra-red , ….
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Digital Image Processing and Analysis
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Image AnalysisImage
Analysis
Image Analysis and Computer Vision
• Image Analysis involves examination of image data to facilitate solving an imaging problem
• In a Image analysis system outputs are used by human
• A Computer Vision application can be considered to be a deployed image analysis system
• In a Computer Vision system the images are intended to be “use” by a computer
These two categories overlap each other in certain areas.
Computer Vision
Computer Vision
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Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
• Image Enhancement• Military applications: target tracking,…• Security and Biometrics: face detection, Gesture recognition finger
print,…• Electronics• Medical Image Analysis• Industrial automation: QC, barcode reading, defect detection, label
checking,…• Scene interpretation• Law Enforcement• Geographical Information System (GIS)• Robotics
•…
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Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
• Image Enhancement
One of the most common uses of DIP techniques: improve quality, remove noise etc
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Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
• Security and Biometrics
face detection
finger print
Gesture recognition
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• Fingerprint Identification System
IBM fingerprint laptop
Hanwang fingerprint attendance machine
Lock
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
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• Fingerprint Identification System
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
Doo-shaped pattern
Bow-shaped patternLoop
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• Fingerprint Identification System diagram
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
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Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
• Electronics: PCB– Machine inspection is used to determine that all components are
present and that all solder joints are acceptable
– Both real imaging and x-ray imaging
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Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
• Medical Image Analysis– Extraction clinically useful information for Diagnosis
– Various types of medical images
Radiography Skull Radiography
Mammography
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• Medical Image Analysis– Various types of medical images
Infrared thermography
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
Flow Analysis
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• Medical Image Analysis– Various types of medical images
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
Brain MRI
Ultrasound
PET
Angiography
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• Medical Image Analysis– Various types of medical images
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
FMRI
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• Medical Image Analysis– Various types of medical images
Cardiac MRICardiac CT
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
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• Medical Image Analysis– Various types of medical images
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
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• Industrial Inspection
Human operators are expensive, slow and unreliable Make machines do the job instead Industrial vision systems are used in all kinds of industries Can we trust them?
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
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Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
• Scene interpretation
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• Law Enforcement
Image processing techniques are used extensively by law enforcers
– Number plate recognition for speed cameras/automated toll systems
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
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• Geographical Information System (GIS)
Digital image processing techniques are used extensively to manipulate satellite imagery
• Why GIS ? To inventory and monitor resources To test the sensitivity of our analysis assumptions To simulate potential impacts of management alternatives
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
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• Geographical Information System (GIS)
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
The photo shows a great deal of the Yangtze River sediment
Remote monitoring of forest conditions (green for the forest)
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• Geographical Information System (GIS)
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
Taklimakan desert Remote sensing image
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• Robotics
Some Applications of DIP and Computer Vision
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Image/ Video Processing Methods
• Image Enhancement
• Image Restoration
• Compression
• Image Reconstruction
• Morphological Image Processing
• Image Segmentation
• Feature Extraction and Recognition Computer Vision
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Image Enhancement
• Techniques concern the improvement of the quality of the digital image
Original Image Enhanced image
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Image Restoration
• Improving the appearance of an image• Tend to be based on mathematical or probabilistic models of
image degradation
Distorted image Restored image
Geometric distorted image Restored image
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Image Compression
• Reducing the storage the storage required to save an image
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Morphological Processing
• Tools for extracting image components that are useful in the representation and description of shape.
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Segmentation
• To partition the image into its constituent parts (objects)
– Autonomous segmentation (very difficult) • Can facilitate or disturb subsequent processes
– Output (representation):• Raw pixel data, depicting either boundaries or whole regions
(corners vs. texture for example)
• Need conversion to a form suitable for computer processing
– (Description)
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Representation & Description
• Feature selection (description) deals with extracting:
– features that result in quantitative information of interest or
– features that are important for differentiating one class of objects from another
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Recognition & Interpretation
• To assign a label to an object based on information provided by the descriptors
• To assign meaning to a group of recognized objects