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PILOT PROJECT FOR ENERGY AND MINING
ECONOMIC BENEFICT FROM ASAL (DJIBOUTI)
GEOTHERMAL AND MINERAL RESOURCESRepublic of Djibouti
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INTRODUCTION
The policy of the Government is to provide assistance to any local andforeigner investors to obtain permits/concessions for geothermal andmining exploration and then to evaluate and to develop the potentialityof the geothermal and mineral resources of the country in general andparticularly in Asal.
Commitment of the Government of Djibouti to promotethe economical development of the Asal region
Significant geothermal and mining resources indicatorsavailability support theses objectives
Pilot project proposal for geothermal and mining developmentfor the new Asal development ple
As a lot of effort and money has been spent on the geothermal explorationwork qt Qsql Djibouti is interested to plan and build a pilot complex plantto provide electric power and water to the region. A pilot project could
also be used as a tool to train local staff for larger geothermal plants
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GENERAL PRESENTATION OFTHE REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI
Area: 23 000 km Coast line: 370 km Annual mean rainfall: 150 mm Population: 600 000 (65 % in Djibouti) Urban population: 82 % Natural growth rate: 3 % Absolute poverty: 20 % GDP: 532.5 million $ Industry in GDP: 3.8 % Agriculture in GDP: 0.5 % Services in GDP: 80 % Electricity production: 260 GWh
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ALI SABIEHDIKHIL
DJIBOUTI
TADJOURAH
OBOCK
ARTA
ASAL
ABHE
ALOL
GAGGADE
INAKIR
Republic of Djibouti
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Forecast ofElectricity demand
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Electricityde
mandGwh
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
Peakde
mandMw
Energy production1971 - 2003
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003
EnergyproductionMWh Republic of Djibouti
Energy production and new demands
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Perspectives of new electricity demands
Projects MW
Port and international free zone of Doral > 20
Asal economic zone 6
Sea-water desalination plant for Djibouti city > 20
Cement and building material factories. Ali Saibeh 6
Mining project in Gaggad 5
Estimated total > 57
Republic of Djibouti
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Afar Depression. Horn of Africa
Republic of Djibouti
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#ALOL
INAKIR
ARTA
TAMATTAKO
S. GHOUBHET
Nth. GHOUBET
DJIBOUTI
ALFITA
GEOTHERMAL AREAS
OF THE REPUBLICOF DJIBOUTI
Republic of Djibouti
OBOCK
GAGGADE
ABHE
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GEOTHERMAL HISTORY OF DJIBOUTI
The different geothermal programmes including field studies andexploration by drillings between 1970 and 1990, revealed the deep Asalgeothermal reservoir with high salinity fluid and other potentialgeothermal areas. However, all these investigations did not allowed yetany exploitation of the geothermal energy.
The history of geological, geophysical, drillings, and testings for themajority in the Asal area, confirm that the Asal geothermal resources arepotential, with multiple reservoirs.
Also, the previous studies and drillings in Asal, have recognized thepresence of a shallow potential reservoir at a depth between 400 m and600 m, with less salinity, and temperature between 130C and 180C.
Some other places were investigated by geological and geologicalpreliminary studies but no exploration drilling were realized up to now
Republic of Djibouti
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Asal Geothermal areaRepublic of Djibouti
ASAL 1 & 3
ASAL 2
ASAL 4
ASAL 6
ASAL 5
Republic of Djibouti
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Temperature profiles Asal geothermal area
Republic of Djibouti
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 100 200 300 400
Temprature C
Profondeurm
ASAL3
ASAL4
ASAL5
ASAL6
Intermediatereservoir
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1316 m
2013 m
2105 m
ASAL 5ASAL4ASAL 1, 3, 6
Asal series
Stratoid series
Dalha basalts
Alluviums
Clays
Hyaloclastites
Rhyolites
Basalts
Trachytes500 m
Interpretative section accross theAsal rift Geothermal area
Republic of Djibouti
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ASAL-GOUBHET DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Republic of Djibouti
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ARTA
DJIBOUTI
TADJOURAH
S
Dock
P
AuAu
AuGeoth
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Geothermal well ASAL1 chemical analysis
ppm ppbCl Mg Mn Fe Ni Cu Pb Zn
78 100 24 115 10 5 112 1 070 34 000
Republic of Djibouti
Screen Position Wellhead % ppmdiameter on screen P (atm) T (C) SiO2 Pb Zn Cu Fe Ag S Cd
2" upstream15 210 13.8 56 0.045 0.0115 6 0.45 8.75 104
downstream 3.8 81.3 0.027 0.0141 1.68 0.47 11.7 1673" upstream
12.5 20625.1 19.4 1.74 0.3 12 0.66 4.12 425
downstream 11.9 58.4 2.19 0.33 4.61 0.56 10.4 6404" upstream
8.5 188 29.9 0.48 12.3 0.9 13.1 0.37 6.18 2800downstream
5" upstream5.8 180 27.5 0.5 11.2 7.32 9.41 0.52 8.8 4400
downstream 42.5 0.27 1.55 0.42 14.4 0.0397 1 572
Fluid analysis
Scree deposits analysis
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Preliminary data on gold in Southwestern area of Asal
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Construction plan for the Dock in Goubet
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Republic of Djibouti
Shallow reservoir
Review of geophysical and geological data available
Drill 5 new wells up to 600 mTesting and analysis of fluid, reservoir engineering and modelingEnvironmental impact assessment
Deep reservoir
Review the status of A3 and A6 wellsClean the wells and equipmentsDo the necessary work in case of obstructionPut into production the productive wellsCarry out new testing and analysis of the fluidPerform technology study of recovering mineral resources
Seismic risk studyEIA
Development of 5 10 MW Pilot Plant for both reservoirs
Feasibility study and design of the power plantLocal distribution line study
SCOPE OF WORK
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CONCLUSIONS
It is clear that energy is considered as the key, the motor and the base of alleconomical, social well-being and development for any country of the world.
The availability and access to sufficient low cost energy contribute largely tothe economic growth, the reinforcement of the competitiveness of the country,the upgrading of the daily life of the population and, of course, the reduction ofthe poverty.
With the creation of an economic pool in Asal, there will be growing market
demand for power to provide all business services associated with theestablishment of different mineral plants and water desalination units as wellas tourism activities. Lake Asal has a high potential for tourism.
By this pilot project, the government policy is to initiate:
The development of Assal naturals resources,
The production of electricity from existing geothermal sources,
The recovery of minerals from geothermal fluid,The provision of the necessary base infrastructures which facilitate the
exploitation of other mineral resource of the region,
The demonstration to the international private sector that Assal geothermaland mineral resources are attractive and constitute real, profitable businessopportunities for investment.
Republic of Djibouti