Download - DNA RNAPROTEIN
DNA
• 1. What 2 components make up the DNA backbone?
• 2. What 3 components make up a nucleotide?
• 3. What are the rungs of the ladder?
Base Pairing
• A – T• G – C• 4. Write the complementary strand for this
sequence.– CGC TTA ATG CGA TGA
Question
• 5. Suppose a section of DNA has a total of 100 nucleotides in both strands. Of these, 20 have adenine bases. How many of those 100 nucleotides have the following:– Thymine (T) bases:– Cytosine (C) bases:– Guanine (G) bases:
Replication
• 6. Describe where each strand of DNA from parent molecule ends up.
• 7. What is the main enzyme involved in this process?
Gene Expression
• 8. Put the symbols in the correct order:
DNADNA
RNA RNA
PROTEINPROTEIN
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPTIONTRANSLATION
TRANSLATION
REPLICATIONREPLICATION
Transcription
• RNA polymerase converts DNA to mRNA• A-U• G-C• 9. Convert the following DNA strand to RNA– CGA AAA TGC ATT
Mutations
• Mutations: mistakes in DNA replication• Point mutations– Substitution– Deletion– Insertion
• Chromosomal mutations– Inversions – Translocations
Mutation Examples
SUBSTITUTIONJEN PET THE WET DOG
Sub first E for AJAN PET THE WET DOG
INSERTIONInsert Z in first word
JZE NPE TTH EWE TDO10. Which is worse for the cell, a substitution or
insertion?
Mutation Examples
INVERSIONSJEN PET THE WET DOG
Flip “THE WET” and put it back in JEN PET TEW EHT DOG
TRANSLOCATIONJEN PET THE WET DOG DAN RAN ALL DAY
JEN / PET THE WET DOG DAN RAN / ALL DAYJEN / ALL DAY DAN RAN / PET THE WET DOG
Causes and Effects of Mutations
• Cause:– Radiation– Chemicals– Excessive heat
• Effects:– Somatic cells: only affects organism – Gametic cells: can be passed to offspring– Some are actually beneficial – Important source of variation
Practice Questions
11. DNA molecules must unwind and then separate for replication and expression. Which of these happens when the DNA molecule comes apart?
a. The weak bonds within the sugar-phosphate backbone are broken. b. The strong bonds within the sugar-phosphate backbone are broken.c. The weak bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs are broken. e. The strong bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs are broken.
Practice Questions
12. When the genes encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid are expressed, what type of molecule is produced?
a. DNAb. carbohydratec. phospholipidb. protein
Practice Questions
13. Which of the following gives the most accurate description of the gene expression process?
a. DNA tRNA mRNA amino acid protein
b. DNA anticodon codon tRNA amino acid
c. DNA mRNA tRNA amino acid protein
d. DNA mRNA tRNA codon amino acid
Practice Questions
14. A double-stranded segment of DNA is 50 nucleotides long along each strand. Thirty of the bases are adenine. How many of the bases are cytosine?
a. 20b. 30c. 50d. 80