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DNSSECfor the Root Zone
NANOG 48 Austin, TXFebruary 2010
Dave Knight, ICANNDave Knight, ICANN
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This design is the result of a cooperation between ICANN & VeriSign withsupport from the U.S. DoC NTIA
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Roles and Responsibilities
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ICANNIANA Functions Operator
• Manages the Key Signing Key (KSK)
• Accepts DS records from TLD operators
• Verifies and processes request
• Sends update requests to DoC for authorization and to VeriSign for implementation
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DoC NTIAU.S. Department of Commerce
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
• Authorizes changes to the root zone
‣ DS records
‣ Key Signing Keys
‣ DNSSEC update requests follow the same process as other changes
• Checks that ICANN has followed their agreed upon verification/processing policies and procedures
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VeriSignRoot Zone Maintainer
• Manages the Zone Signing Key (ZSK)
• Incorporates NTIA-authorized changes
• Signs the root zone with the ZSK
• Distributes the signed zone to the root server operators
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ICANN VeriSign
DoCRZM SignerTLDOperator Signed root
KSK Management
DNS records sent fromTLD operator to ICANN
Verified datasent to DoC
Authorized datasent to VeriSign
ZSK sent from VeriSign to ICANN
Root Zonedistributed toroot servers
ZSK Management
Root Servers
KSK publishedby ICANN
Keyset is signed by KSK and sent back from ICANN to VeriSign
Unsigned root
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Deployment
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Goals
• Deploy a signed root zone
‣ Transparent processes
‣ Audited procedures
‣ DNSSEC deployment
• validators, registries, registrars, name server operators
• Communicate early and often!
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Anticipated Issues
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DO=1
• A significant proportion of DNS clients send queries with EDNS0 and DO=1
• Some (largely unquantified, but potentially significant) population of such clients are unable to receive large responses
• Serving signed responses might break those clients
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Rollback
• If we sign the root, there will be some early validator deployment
• There is the potential for some clients to break, perhaps badly enough that we need to un-sign the root (e.g., see previous slide)
• Un-signing the root will break the DNS for validators
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Staged Deployment
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Deploy Incrementally
• The goal is to leave the client population with some root servers not offering large responses until the impact of those large responses is better understood
• Relies upon resolvers not always choosing a single server
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DURZ
• Deploy conservatively
‣ It is the root zone, after all
• Prevent a community of validators from forming
‣ This allows us to unsign the root zone during the deployment phase (if we have) to without collateral damage
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DURZ
• “Deliberately Unvalidatable Root Zone”
• Sign RRSets with keys that are not published in the zone (but with matching keytag…)
• Publish keys in the zone which are not used, and which additionally contain advice for operators (see next slide)
• Swap in actual signing keys (which enables validation) at the end of the deployment process
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DURZ
. 3600 IN DNSKEY 257 3 5 ( AwEAAa++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++THIS/KEY/AN/INVALID/KEY/AND/SHOULD /NOT/BE/USED/CONTACT/ROOTSIGN/AT/ICA NN/DOT/ORG/FOR/MORE/INFORMATION+++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++/= ) ; Key ID = 6477
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Deploy IncrementallyL Completed on 27 January
A Completed on 10 February
M, I March 3rd
D, K, E March 22nd
B, H, C, G, F April 12th
J May 5th
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Measurement
• For those root servers that are instrumented, full packet captures and subsequent analysis around signing events
• Ongoing dialogue with operator communities to assess real-world impact of changes
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Testing
• A prerequisite for this proposal is a captive test of the deployment
‣ Test widely-deployed resolvers, with validation enabled and disabled, against the DURZ
‣ Test with clients behind broken networks that drop large responses
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Interaction with TLDs
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DS Change Requests
• Approach likely to be based on existing methods for TLD managers to request changes in root zone
• Anticipate being able to accept DS requests 1-2 months before the validatable signed root zone is in production
• Current topic of discussion within Root DNSSEC Design Team
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Communication
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Project Web Page
• http://www.root-dnssec.org
‣ Status updates
‣ Documents
‣ Presentation Archive
‣ Small collection of links to relevant tools
‣ Contact information
‣ RSS
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Communicationwith non-technical audiences
• Will reach the non-technical and semi-technical audiences with press releases and other means.
• PR departments with people who know how to do this will be engaged.
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Communicationwith technical audiences
• Reaching the technical audiences via mailing lists and other means
‣ IETF DNS lists (e.g. DNSOP)
‣ non-IETF DNS lists (e.g. DNS-OARC)
‣ General operator lists (e.g. NANOG)
‣ …
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Draft Timeline• December 1, 2009
‣ Root zone signed
• Initially signed zone stays internal to ICANN and VeriSign
‣ ICANN and VeriSign begin KSR processing
• ZSK and KSK rolls
• January - July 2010
‣ Incremental roll out of signed root
• July 1, 2010
‣ KSK rolled and trust anchor published
‣ Signed root fully deployed
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Deployment Status24 February 2010
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Documentation
• Requirements document posted
• High-Level Architecture, Policy and Practice Statements, Trust Anchor Publication, Deployment documents posted in draft form
• Ceremony, KSK Facility Requirements, Testing documents expected to be posted soon
http://www.root-dnssec.org
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Testing
• Data collection testing by Root Server Operators complete - have now done this for real
• Several KSR/SKR exchanges complete
• DURZ vs. Resolver testing complete
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DURZ Roll-Out
• L and A root servers are running the DURZ
• M and I will make the transition next week.
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Other zones
ARPA, IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA
Work on how to sign these zones is happening and reasonable progress is expected.
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Root DNSSEC Design Team
Joe AbleyMehmet AkcinDavid BlackaDavid ConradRichard LambMatt Larson
Fredrik LjunggrenDave Knight
Tomofumi OkuboJakob SchlyterDuane Wessels
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