Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
What Is Happening In 60 GHz
Date: 2007-11-12
Name Company Address Phone email Sheung Li SiBEAM [email protected]
Authors:
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
Abstract
A recitation of how research, legislative, and physical activities have led to the current interest in 60 GHz standards and technology
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
Why Is There So Much 60 GHz Activity Outside of 802.11?
• 802.15 TG3c
• COMPA
• Ecma
• NGmS
• WirelessHD
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
Path Loss Is Greater at Higher Frequencies
Frequency (GHz)3 5 8 10 20 30 50 80 100 200
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Concrete Block Painted 2X6 Board
Clay Brick
3/4" Plywood
3/4" Pine Board
Wet Paper Towel
GlassDrywall
Asphalt Shingle
To
tal O
ne W
ay A
tten
uati
on
(d
B)
Kevlar SheetPolyethylenePaper Towel (Dry)Fiberglass Insul.
Ma
teria
ls A
tte
nu
atio
n (
dB
)
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
60 GHz Is Particularly Bad Because Is Oxygen Absorptive
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
MMCWG Saw 60 GHz As Reflective
• An industry consortium known as the Millimeter Wave Communications Working Group saw 60 GHz as Biologically (Water) Reflective.– Apple Computer
– Cutler Hammer
– Hewlett-Packard
– Hughes
– Metricom
– Motorola
– Rockwell Int’l
– Sun Microsystems
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
Early 60 GHz Work Led To Current Spectrum Allocations
60 GHz
TransmitStrength(EIRP W)
100
10
1
0.01
Signal Bandwidth (MHz)
0.1
10 100 1000
802.11
UWB
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
Shannon’s Law Made 60 GHz Spectrum Interesting
• Bandwidth: Gbps throughput possible with simpler radios – Few bps/Hz
• Capacity: Spectrum supports over 25 Gbps using QPSK
• S/N: Implementation difficulties with UWB alleviated by availability of over 1000x more power on license-exempt basis
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
Reflective Thinking Instead of Refractive Thinking about 60 GHz
Energy Doesn’t Disappear:
High Attenuationmeans
High Reflections
O2 Absorptionis
1dB per 100m
Frequency (GHz)3 5 8 10 20 30 50 80 100 200
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Concrete Block Painted 2X6 Board
Clay Brick
3/4" Plywood
3/4" Pine Board
Wet Paper Towel
GlassDrywall
Asphalt Shingle
To
tal O
ne W
ay A
tten
uati
on
(d
B)
Kevlar SheetPolyethylenePaper Towel (Dry)Fiberglass Insul.
Mat
eria
ls R
efle
ctiv
ity
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
Finding The Right 60 GHz Reflection Has Its Benefits
Wall Composed ofMixed Material
• 2 sheet drywall• High gloss paint• 2x4 boards• PVC piping• Misc. electrical
Calculated wall loss from absorption tables was
22-37 dB total
Omni wall loss was actually 16 dB
Beamsteered wall loss thru best path was only 5 dB
A
A
B
A
B
TX
RX
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
Rebalancing The Thinking About Link Budgets at Higher Frequency
2.4 GHz: 18dBm + 2dBi = 20dBm
60 GHz: 10dBm + 30dBi = 40dBm
Active(PA)
Passive(Antenna)
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
Advancements in Antenna, Beamforming, and Advancements in Antenna, Beamforming, and Beamsteering Enable These GainsBeamsteering Enable These Gains
2t
t
A4G
• Possible at 60 GHz, because with constant antenna area, max received Possible at 60 GHz, because with constant antenna area, max received power increases as the frequency squaredpower increases as the frequency squared
• 20dBi with single element directional to over 30dBi with multiple 20dBi with single element directional to over 30dBi with multiple element non-directional designs element non-directional designs
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
Leading to Interesting Potential for 60 GHz Applications
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
• New designs using standard chip processes offer enormous cost reduction vs. traditional high frequency designs
• Each new process generation also scaling both digital AND analog/mixed-signal designs
X Digital CMOScan now support
60 GHz
All of The Preceding in CMOS or SiGe
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
What is Happening in 60 GHz
• Researchers are thinking differently about radio designs
• Effectively using reflectivity for in-room (to overcome directivity) and multi-room (to reduce path loss) designs
• Emphasizing algorithmic and antenna designs over amplification
• Exploiting lots of spectrum with high power limits and few incumbents
Nov 2007
Li, SiBEAM
Slide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0
Submission
Items to Consider
• Should 60 GHz be usable under an 802.11 architecture?
• What time frame is relevant?– TGn PAR (2003) TGn Publication (2008)
– VHT PAR (2008) VHT Publication (2013?)
• The following excerpts from earlier 802.11 submissions– “A Bluetooth pico-cell colocated with an 802.11 station
will degrade its throughput by a factor of 10”
– “(5 GHz) will be limited to single room applications”
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