Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [THALES UWB Impulse Radio System ]Date Submitted: [January 3rd, 2005]
Source: [(1) Serge HETHUIN, Isabelle BUCAILLE, Arnaud TONNERRE, Fabrice LEGRAND, (2) Dr. Jurianto JOE]Company [(1) THALES Communications France, (2) CELLONICS]Address [(1) 146 Boulevard de VALMY, Colombes 92704 FRANCE (2) 20 Science Park Road 117674 SINGAPORE]Voice:[(1) : +33 (0)1 46 13 24 44, (2) : (65) 68 74 90 10 ]E-Mail:[(1) : [email protected], (2) : [email protected] ]
Re: [Response to Call for Proposals]
Abstract: [This document proposes THALES Communications’s PHY proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4 alternate PHY standard]
Purpose: [Proposal for the IEEE802.15.4a standard]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Serge HETHUIN (THALES Communications)Dr. Jurianto JOE (CELLONICS)
THALES Communications, CELLONICS
Proposal for IEEE 802.15.4a
UWB Impulse Radio
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Contents
• UWB IR proposal
• System description
• Location Awareness
• Conclusion
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
UWB Impulse Radio System(UWB IR)
T = 40 ns, PRF = 25 MHz max
time
Demo-dulator
Receiver
DATA
Transmitter
Pulse Generator
FPGA
Modu-lator
PA LNA BB
DATA
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
UWB Pulse and Spectrum
Example: • 4ns Gaussian Pulse• 1st Frequency Center
= 3.35GHz• 10dB BW= 500MHz• Tx Power (average)
= - 14.3dBm
Objective:Impulse Pulse with500MHz BW
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
UWB IR main features • Low Power Consumption:
o Very Simple Architectureo One Bit ADC (for the simplest version)
• Low Cost:o CMOS Implementationo 500MHz BW leading to many economic implementations
• High Location Accuracy: o Narrow Pulse (4ns) ~75cm in 70m region (AWGN)
• Scalability:by using :o compression gain (coded sequence)o different PRFs 350kbps @70m, … , 25Mbps @10m
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
System Description1. Parameters of the PHY layer2. Topologies and access protocol3. Solution maturity4. Options and eventual extensions
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
PHY layer: Parameters
Data Rate PRF (MHz) ModulationCompression gain(Spread Factor)
Pulses / bit
25 Mbps 25 OOK 1 1
396 kbps 25 OOK 63 63
2.5 Mbps 2.5 OOK 1 1
357 kbps 2.5 OOK 7 7
166 kbps 2.5 OOK 15 15
4ns Gaussian Pulse Data Rate depends on:
compression gain (~ Spread Factor) PRF
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
PHY layer: Link BudgetParameters
Value350kbps 70m
Value25Mbps 10m
Units
Center Frequency 3350 3350 MHz
Transmit Power(4ns Gaussian Pulse)
-14.3 -14.3 dBm
PRF 2.5 25 MHz
Spread Factor 7 1
Data Rate 357 25000 kbps
Path Loss at 1m 44 44 dB
Distance 70 10 m
Decay coefficient 2.0 2.0 -
Additional Path Loss at 70m,10m 37.0 20.0 dB
Implementation Loss 2.0 2.0 dB
Antenna gain 0.0 0.0 dBi
Required Eb/N0 @BER=0.001 10.0 10.0 dB
Noise Power Density -174 -174 dBm
Receiver Total NF 7.0 7.0 dB
Margin 4.9 4.9 dB
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
PHY layer: Transceiver architecture
PG
Non-coherent detector
Spreading &
Modulation
Digital BlockMatched FilterSignal AcquisitionTrackingRangingEtc.
<100kgates1-bit ADC
Data
Data
MACDigital PHY
LNA
LNA
BB amp
BPF
Transmitter
Receiver
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
PHY layer: Modulation & Spreading
Specifications
RF Frequency 3350±250MHz (10dB BW)
Modulation OOK
Spreading Coded SequenceKasami (15, 63) and Gold (7)
Despreading Digital Matched Filter
PRF 25MHz, 2.5MHz
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
PHY layer: SynchronizationSynchronization:• Pulse Edge detection • + Sequence Correlation using Digital Matched Filter
Code Correlator
Data
Digital Domain
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Topologies and access protocol
Coordinator
Anchor node
FFD (Full Function Device)
RFD (Reduced Function Device)
Multiple Access: CDMA (inter-piconet) 802.15.4 (intra-piconet)
PANCoordinator
Code 1
Code 2
Code 3
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Topologies and localization
PANCoordinator
Code 1
Code 2
Code 3
Coordinator
Anchor node
FFD (Full Function Device)
RFD (Reduced Function Device)
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Inter-Piconet Multiple AccessCDMA Inter-Piconet with one
sequence / Piconet
KASAMI 1sequence
KASAMI 2sequence
Intercorrelation betweensequences 1 and 2
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Frame format
PPDU
Bytes:
PHY Layer
Preamble
4 1
FrameLength
SFD
1
MPDU
FrameControl
Seq. # Address
Data Payload CRC
Bytes: 2 1 0/4/8 2
MAC Sublayer
n
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 17
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Technical Feasibility and Maturity
TRANSMITTER
4 ns
2-componentUWB IR Generator
4 ns
FPGA
DATA
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Technical Feasibility and Maturity
Square-lawDetector
FPGA
DATA
RECEIVER
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Prototypes characterization with a Test Bed• Communication Analyzer:
Generates PN Sequence Binary data to feed into FPGA TX.
• FPGA TX:
Encodes the binary data into OOK BB pulse and feeds it into the UWB Pulse Generator.
• Variable Attenuator:
Allows S/N to be varied.
• UWB receiver:
Converts the UWB signal to OOK BB pulse and feeds into FPGA RX.
• FPGA RX:
Decodes the pulses into binary data and feeds them back to the communication analyzer.
• Communication analyzer:
Internally compares the recovered sequence with the generated sequence and provides the BER on screen.
PN SequenceBinary Data
Communication Analyzer
OOK BBPulses
VariableAttenuator
RecoveredPN Sequence
FPGA RXFPGA TX
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 20
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Results of transceivers testing• Consumption:
Tx=15 mA, Rx= 25 mA Comparable to Tx and Rx power consumption in 802.15.4
• Data rate and range: 25 Mbps : 15m (@ RF power=-14dBm) 250 kbps : >150m
• High Location Accuracy: 75cm with a range up to 70m
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 21
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Options and eventual extensions• Multipath study:
On-going study (results in March 2005)
• Modulation improvements: DBPSK in complement of OOK
• Localization improvements: Processing to deal with Indoor environments (buildings,
underground park, …)
• Multiband extension (MBSC): Additional feature to discriminate the different piconets Additional capability for data rate increase Additional function to mitigate propagation problems
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 22
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Location Awareness
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 23
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Location Awareness
• Multilateration for Location Awareness: Two modes with at least 3 known-position nodes
Two-way ranging method (Round Trip Time measurement based)
One-way ranging method with one additional node for synchronization
(TOA based)
• High Location Accuracy:AWGN: 75cm @ 70m Range
RFD
FFD(Anchor)
RFD
FFD(Anchors)
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 24
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Mode 1: Two-Way Ranging method (TWR)
• Advantages Each measurement can be done sequentially
Possible extension to the case without anchors
• Synchronization No need of fine Sync.
• Accuracy Error is the combination of the detection in the
two nodes
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 25
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
TWR System Deployment
No need of Synchronization by a node Asynchronous Anchors
System Configuration for 2D location measurements
Node
Processing station & Data Base Control station
Anchor 3
Anchor 1
Anchor 2
RTT(d1)
RTT (d2)
RTT (d3)
Wireless/Wired Network
Distance d1
d2
d3
Calculation of the Node Location based on the RTTs and the Reference
Locations
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 26
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
TWR Based Measurement
time
Answer received in anchor 1
time
Anchor 1
Node to be located
time
Interrogation from anchor 1
Anchor 2
Anchor 3
Node to be located
Node to be located
Answer from anchor 1
RTT(d1) information sent to the server
RTT(d1)
RTT(d2)
RTT(d3)
RTT(d2) information sent to the server
RTT(d3) information sent to the server
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 27
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Mode 2: One-Way Ranging method (OWR)
• Advantages Can relax the RFD specifications
• Synchronization More touchy than using RTT/TWR
• Accuracy Accuracy depends only on the clock of the FFD
• Transmit Only No need of detection in the node to be located
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 28
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
OWR System Deployment
Synchronization by a node
System Configuration for 2D location measurements
TOA : t0+t1 Time of Arrival: t1
t2
t3
Synchronizationstation
Node
Processing station & Data Base Control station
Anchor 3
Anchor 1
Anchor 2
Wireless/Wired Network
Calculation of the Node Location based on the TOAs and the Reference
Locations
TOA : t0+t2
TOA : t0+t3
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 29
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
TOA Based Measuring
Synchronization by a node
t0
time
Node to be located
Anchor 3
Signal sent by the node to be located
Anchor 1
Anchor 2
time
t0+t2
t0+t1
t0+t3
t1
t2
t3
TOA(t0+t1) information sent to the server
TOA(t0+t2) information sent to the server
TOA(t0+t3) information sent to the server
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 30
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
• Multipath study:
• Localization experiments: In free space, rural and urban environments Comparison with MATLAB simulations
• Coherent receivers: Comparison in complexity with non-coherent receivers Comparison in cost with non-coherent receivers
• Miniaturization aspect: Integration of the solution Final power-consumption
On-going tasks
Jan. 2005
THALES CommunicationsSlide 31
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0008-00-004a
Submission
Conclusion
THALES UWB IR main features:
fc=3.35, 3.85, … GHz, BW=500MHz4ns Gaussian Pulse with PRF of 25MHz/2.5MHzOOK modulation
Very low complexity, Very low cost (radio with a few components) Scalable (25Mbps at 10m, …, 350kbps at 70m, …)
Location Awareness:
Two possible modes: TWR or OWR 75cm in 70m region (AWGN)