Transcript

DRE Program Update

Kyle Clark

National Project Manager, IACP DEC Program

Kyle ClarkIACPDrugEvaluationClassificationProgram

DEC Program Update

1

National and International DRE Totals

ü U.S. credentialed DREs: Over 8,500 (February 2019)

ü International credentialed DREs: Nearly 1,000 (Canada, UK)

ü Approximately 3,600 U.S. L.E. agencies with DREs

2017 DRE Evaluations

30,989 Enforcement Evaluations

• California – 6,836• New York – 2,344• New Jersey – 2,001• Oregon – 1,781• Pennsylvania – 1,673

ARIDETraining(AdvancedRoadsideImpairedDrivingEnforcement)

• Training conducted by DRE instructors

• 2017: 967 ARIDE Schools

• Approximately 16,300 officers trained in 2017

• Over 87,300 trained since the program’s inception in 2009

DRETraining

• All 50 states participating

• 92 Schools in 2017

• 85 Schools scheduled 2018

• Over 1,500 officers trained in 2017

DREEnforcementEvaluations

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

28,78830,176

26,101

22,986

30,717 33,375

23,983

28,565 28,21429,823

Source:NHTSANationalSobrietyTestingResourceCenter(NSTRC)andDREAnnualReports

Drug Categories Predicted by DREs (2015 – 2017 Evaluations)

DREDrugCategory

2015 2016 2017

Cannabis 12,718 14,178 13,435

CNSStimulants 10,081 11,032 10,879

CNSDepressants 10,463 11,014 9,656

NarcoticAnalgesics

10,059 10,607 9,641

Poly-category 13,040 13,822 11,953

of the Drug Evaluation and Classification Program

2018 International Standards

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• Eligibility• Classroom requirements

• Preliminary School• 7-Day Final = 80%+• No missed sessions

• Certification Requirements• DRE instructor supervised

evaluations of suspected drug-impaired subjects

• 90 Days• Two recommending DRE

instructors required

Section 1

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CertificationKnowledgeExam

• Prerequisiteofminimumsixevaluations(3asexaminer)• NolongeraCKERemedialExam• Requirestwoinstructorstoreviewtheexamandsign-off• Nota“Take-Home”exam

DREFieldCertifications• Evaluations onsuspecteddrug-impairmentsubjects• DRE instructorscannotoverride/replacetoxicologylabresults• DREinstructormust observeandsupervisetheentireevaluationinordertosign-offontheevaluation

• Complete DRE IDC• DRE Instructor supervised:

• Supervise 4 DRE evaluations• Instruct for two hours

• Recertify as DRE and teach minimum required by state coordinator

DRE Instructor Standards

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DRERecertificationüMinimumoffourevaluationsrequiredüAllfourmustbereviewedbyDREinstructorüOnemustbeobserved andapproved byDREinstructorü8hoursofDRErelatedtrainingrequiredüUpdatedC.V.andRollingLogrequiredüStatescanrequireadditionalstandards

• DRE Expired Less than One Year

• DRE Expired Less than Five Years

• DRE Expired Over Five Years

DRE Reinstatement

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DRE Data Entryhttps://dredata.nhtsa.gov

Takesyoutothemainpage

Clickon“Evaluation”

“Data!Data!Data!Wecan’tmakebrickswithoutclay!”(ArthurConanDoyle)

ImpairedDrivingCurriculumUpdates&Revisions

- February2018Curriculum- SFSTandDREIDCcurriculumupdatedin2017- Contactor:TransportationSafetyInstitute(OKC)

NHTSA

IACP Technical Advisory Panel

Curriculum Subcommittee

Prosecutors, Toxicologists,

others

Curricula Sent to Selected Sites for

Final Review

Feedback from Course

Managers and Instructors

IACP

Cooperative Agreement

Subject Matter Experts

Pilot-Tested

Curriculum Updates and Revisions

DRECurriculum

DRE Facesheet

• Added Oral Fluid• Added Resting Nystagmus• Revised “Internal Clock” to “Time

Estimation• OLS Checkboxes• Subject Refusals (Removed Precinct)

Revised Added

Glossary of Terms

• Polydrug• Pulse

• Bipolar Disorder• Diabetes• Impairment• Multiple Sclerosis• Polycategory• Standardized• Systematic

New Studies Added

• MRB • Time estimation• +/- 5 seconds

• Rebound Dilation• LOC • Coating on the tongue• Elevated pulse

Preliminary School

• Inserted model schedule in Administrator Guide

• Added Overdose “Alcohol Poisoning” (Session 8)

• Added Curriculum Vitae worksheet (Session 9)

• Inserted new language regarding toxicology collection

HGN

• Equal Tracking “…may be checked more than once”

• All references to marbles and sandpaper removed

BlindEyeTestingforHGN

NewwordingaddedtoallowforHGNtestingofsubjectwithablind/artificialeye• Allowsofficertoproceedwithtest• Ifabnormalfindings,notrequiredtocontinue• Remindedthatthisdoesnotfollowthestandardizedprotocolandshouldbeacknowledgedinreport

Source:“EyeTestsonaSuspectwithaBlindEye”,K.Citek,Sept.2014

LackofConvergence

LOC Testing -

Added instructions to ”stop moving the stimulus in a circular manner with the stimulus above eye level” before moving towards bridge of the nose, and “to check for LOC at least twice”

Consistent with clinical studies on LOC testing

Walk&Turn–ClarifiedImproperTurnScoring

AddedwordingtohelpclarifyhowtoproperlyscoreanimproperturnduringtheWalkandTurnTestifthesubjectbeingtestedturnsontherightfootinsteadoftheleftfoot(2015)

SFST:OneLegStandClarification

Wordingaddedtohelpclarifyhowtheraisedfootistobeheldduringthebalanceandcountingstage

“Raiseeitherlegwiththefootapproximatelysixinchesofftheground,keepingyourfootparalleltotheground.”

Not“footpointedout”

SFSTProficiencyNew requirement –

All SFST steps and instructions are required for proficiency and sign-off by an instructor

Procedural Modifications• DRE Average or “Expected” Ranges/Values• MRB Instructions• Direct light pen light positioning• LOC

• Inserted language for DRE to pause before moving stimulus toward nose

• Recommend checking twice

OtherRevisions

• Reducedverbiageonslides• Allnarrativesreplacedwithmorecompleteexamples• Revisedeyeexaminationworksheet• PDRSessionre-namedto“DREReferenceSources”(Slidesaddedtopracticedrugidentification)

DREEquipmentAddedclarificationregardingequipmentused:- Oralthermometer- Stethoscope- Sphygmomanometer- Penlight

AllothersmustreceiveTAPapproval

DRE12-StepProcess

Allows for collecting blood sample out of thenormal order in the 12-Step DRE process.

PhysiologyandDrugsAdditional information added:

- Drugs effects on the body- Opinion vs. Diagnosis- Medical conditions- Medical Impairment- Downside Effect

Physiology

- UpdatedNeurongraphic

- RemovedCholinergic,Adrenergic,Anti-cholinergicslides

- “MedicalRule-out”now“MedicalImpairment”

Ultra-VioletLightforNTDDidnotreplaceNTDwithpenlight

• Removed street names (DEA Drug Slang Code Words added as handout)

• New exemplar video

CNS Depressants

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Drug Recognition Expert Course

Session 9 – Central Nervous System Depressants

9-36

CNS Depressants

• Changed ADD to ADHD• Information concerning Energy

Drinks and OTC stimulants added

• New exemplar video

CNS Stimulants

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Drug Recognition Expert Course

Session 10 – Central Nervous System Stimulants

CNS Stimulants

10-31

• Removed “Entactogen” from 2CB-1

• Identified Hallucinogen examples categorized as psychedelic amphetamines

Drug Recognition Expert Course

Session 14 - Hallucinogens

2CB

•  White powder usually found in pressed tablets or gel caps

•  Sometimes referred to as “Venus”; “Nexus”; and “Bromo-Mescaline”

14-18

Hallucinogens

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• Replaced Ketaset, Ketavet, and Vetamine with Ketaject

• Confused changed to Confusion

Drug Recognition Expert Course

Session 16 – Dissociative Anesthetics

Session 16 Dissociative Anesthetics

1 Hour, 40 Minutes

16-2

Dissociative Anesthetics

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• More information on Fentanyl added

• Information on Kratom added

Drug Recognition Expert Course

Session 17 – Narcotic Analgesics

•  Kratom

17-15

Other Narcotic Analgesics

Narcotic Analgesics

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• Removed reference of nitrites relieving angina pectoris

Drug Recognition Expert Course

Session 19 - Inhalants

•  Amyl Nitrite •  Butyl Nitrite (Isobutyl Nitrite)

19-11

Anesthetic Gases

Inhalants

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• Added information on Sativa, Indica, and Hybrid marijuana

• Additional information on Synthetic Cannabinoids added

• Added transdermal ointment as method of ingestion

• Reddening of the Conjunctivae replaced with Bloodshot Eyes

• Information on Hydroxy THC and Carboxy THC added

• Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome added as possible long term effect

• New exemplar video

Cannabis

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CannabisImpairmentIndicators

Additionalimpairmentindicatorsadded:- Altered perceptionoftime/distance- Alterationsinthoughtformation- Drowsiness- Impairedmemory

- Lackofconcentration

DocumentingCannabisImpairment

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Suggested observations to look for and describe:

üEyelid and body tremorsüSlow, relaxed, lethargic actionsüRebound dilation (record smallest to largest size)üResponses to instructions (memory issues)üCounting errors (concentration issues)üOdor of marijuana on breath and personüUsage (Recreational, Daily, Weekly, Chronic)üDocument blood collection time

• Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) information added to this Session

• Polycategory definition added and Polydrug definition revised

Drug Recognition Expert Course

Session 24- Drug Combinations

Novel Psychoactive Substances

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Synthetic Cathinones

Novel Tryptamine Derivates

Novel Stimulants

Synthetic Opioids

Drug Combinations

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CNS Depressants CNS Stimulants

Symptomatology Chart

• Disorientation (Replaced Disoriented)

• Unsteady walk (Replaced Gait Ataxia)

• Removed Hallucinations from General Indicators (Remains as overdose sign)

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Hallucinogens Dissociative Anesthetics

Symptomatology Chart

• Removed Disorientation• Removed Injection as MOI

• Confused now Confusion• Added (PCP) to Chemical Odor• Removed Muscle Rigidity from

General Indicators• Added (PCP) to Perspiring• Added Slowed Responses• Added (PCP) to many MOI

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Narcotic Analgesics Inhalants

Symptomatology Chart

• Removed Constricted Pupils from General Indicators

• Removed Inability to Concentrate

• Added Slow Deliberate Movements

• Added Transdermal as MOI

• No changes

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DREOpinion

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“It is my opinion as a Drug Recognition Expert that the suspect was under the influence of drugs and could not operate a motor vehicle safely.” (Actual report opinion)

“It is my opinion as a Drug Recognition Expert that the suspect (or suspect’s name) is under the influence of (drug category) and is unable to operate a vehicle safely.”

ReportWritingAreasofConcernüNot recording Angle of Onset for HGN on FacesheetüListing odd numbers for pulse and B/PüHGN clues recorded with no D.I.D. drug category mentionedüUse of the word “normal” or “normal ranges”üNo reason for traffic stop listed in narrativeüNo details or explanation for reported medical issuesüNothing listed for vital signs of concern (B/P 60/48)üExplaining when step(s) taken out of orderüExplaining why UV Light used for NTDüIncorrectly listing “IACP certified” instead of state certified

• Three sets of numbers: YY - ### - TOTAL #

• 2-digit year• 3-digit # evals current year• 4-digit # total # evals in career

Rolling Log Numbering

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Example: 18-001-000118-002-0002

18-021-0021 (End of 2018)

19-001-0022 (Begin 2019)19-002-0023

Recent Developments• Definition of Training Institution• AAA DEC Program Protocol Review• NTLC DECP Monograph• NHTSA Drugged Driving Initiative

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If You Feel Different…

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Items Under Development• Dry Lab Videos

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IACP DEC Program Website www.decp.org

LocateDREStateCoordinatorsandNationalTrainingCalendar

IACP DRE Section Website

www.theiacp.org/Drug-Recognition-Expert-Section- Annual DAID Conference information- State DRE websites- DEC Program International Standards- DEC Program Annual Report- Membership information

25thAnnualIACPTrainingConferenceonDrugs,AlcoholandImpairedDriving

Registration: www.theIACP.org/DAIDconference

AUGUST 10-12

Contact Information –

Kyle ClarkInternational Association of Chiefs of PoliceDEC Program Project [email protected]

IACP DEC Program Website:www.decp.org


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