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DRIP IRRIGATION IN FRUIT CROPS
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTUREASSAM AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY,JORHAT
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
Presented By:Utpal Das14-AMJ-93
DRIP IRRIGATIONDrip irrigation is a micro irrigation method in
which the rate of water application is very low and without any pressure. i.e., drop by drop
Drip irrigation is based on the basic concept of irrigation only the roots zone of crop , rather than the entire land surface on which the crop is grown.
Water flows from the emission points through the soil by capillarity and gravity.
The soil moisture content of the crop root zone is maintain at near optimum level to facilate optimum crop growth and production.
DRIP IRRIGATION IS USEFUL FOR FRUIT CROPS
Banana, Grapes, Citrus, Pomegranate, Papaya, Pineapple, Watermelon, Sweet lime, Mango, Kinnow, Mosambi.
ADVANTAGES OF DRIP IRRIGATION IN FRUITS Increased yieldEarly maturityWater savingFertilizer savingIncreased fertilizer use efficiency by cropEnergy savingLabour savingMarginal land & undulated land can be irrigatedUse of saline water is possible for irrigationReduced weed growthLess problem of disease and pestEasy intercultural operations
DISADVANTAGES OF DRIP IRRIGATIONHigh cost :
drip irrigation systems are expensive because of there requirements of large quantity of piping & filtration equipment to clean the water.
Expense: Initial cost can be more than overhead systems.
Waste:The sun can affect the tubes used for drip irrigation,
shortening their usable life. Longevity is variable.Clogging:
If the water is not properly filtered and the equipment not properly maintained, it can result in clogging.
Drip tape causes extra cleanup costs after harvest. You'll need to plan for drip tape winding, disposal, recycling or reuse.
This method is not suitable for closely planted crops such as wheat
COMPARISONDrip method Flood method
Water savingHigh, between 40 and 100 %
Less. High rates of evaporation, surface run off and percolation
Irrigation efficiency 80 – 90 % 30 - 50 %
Weed problem Almost nil High
Suitable water Even saline water can
be used
Only normal water can
be used
Diseases and pests Relatively less High
Efficiency of fertilizer use
Very high since supply
is regulated
Heavy losses due to
leaching
Drip method Flood method
Water logging Nil High
Water controlCan be regulated easily Not much control
Cost benefit ratio (additional amount in rupees for every rupee invested)
Excluding water savings: 1.3 - 13.3, Including water savings: 2.8 - 30.0
Between 1.8 and 3.9
Capital cost/ha Rs 15,000 to 40, 000
depending ––on crop spacing
Yield increase20 - 100 % higher than flood method
Less compared to drip
Pumping set:To create a pressure about 2.5 Kg/sq cm to regulate the amount of water to be supplied.
• Filter :To filter the water in Order to remove the suspended impurities from water.
Main lines: It is a Distribution system in drip
irrigation. Rigid PVC and high density polyethylene pipes are used as main pipes to minimized corrosion and clogging.
Pipes of 65 mm diameter and with pressure rating of 4 to 10 kg/sq. cm
Sub Main: It is usually connected to the main
lines through a control valve assembly.
The function of its to distributes water uniformly to a number laterals.
Drippers/emitters:It is fitted to a drip irrigation
lateral and intended to emit water in the form of drops or continuous flow at emitter rates not exceeding 15 liters/hr.
Drippers function as energy dissipated, reducing the inlet pressure head in the lateral, which generally range from 0.3 to 1.5 atmosphere .
CROPYIELD (kg/acre)
Surface Drip % more
WATER USE (m3/acre)
Surface Drip % saving
Banana
Grapes
Pomegranate
Sweetlime
Mango
Papaya
Watermelon
Ber/tree
Kinnow
Guava/tree
23000
8000
6050
4000
3000
5200
9610
13.7
2720
160
35000
12000
11700
6000
5400
9200
15500
18.0
3920
220
52.1
50.0
94.5
50.0
80.0
76.9
61.3
31.3
44.1
37.5
7040 3880 44.8
3520
3920
34.02320
2196
6640
5100
2560
3324 34.8
61.4
43.9
68.0
40.5
18.8
29209120
1680
15.4
884
1000
12.5
692 21.7
6.4 5.2 18.7
Mosambi* 40000 50.060000 6640 2560 61.4
More than 70% of Indian farmers are small scale operators cultivating plots less than one hectare. Irratic rainfall pattern play havoc into the livelihoods of the small farmers who do not have any alternate supply of water.
BENEFITS TO FARMERS :
CONCLUSION
• Drip irrigation system is an economical and very efficient system of irrigating for fruit crops, vegetables, row crops etc.
• Drip irrigated crops use less water compared to overhead irrigated crops.
• Drip irrigation increase yield.