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Dust, ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions associated with three housing types for laying hens

Philippe, F.X.1, Larouche, J.P. 2, Palacios, J.2, Pelletier, F.2, Mahmoudi, Y. 2, 3, Godbout, S.2, 3

1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium;2 Institute for Research and Development in Agroenvironment, Québec, Canada;

3 Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University Laval, Québec, Canada


EMILI 2017 - 3rd International Symposium on Emissions of Gas and Dust from Livestock – May 21-24 2017, Saint-Malo, France


Material and methods – Experimental design

• 12 pilot-scale chambers (1.2 m width, 2.4 m height, 2.4 m length)• 3 treatments : Battery cage (BC) – Enriched cage (EC) – Aviary (AV)• 360 Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens (30 birds per chambers)• Commercial diet ad libitum (17.1% CP, 11.5 kJ ME)• 70 days of measurement from week 23 to 32 of hen’s age



Battery cage (BC) Enriched cage (EC) Aviary (AV)


Material and methods – Housing conditions



• Ambient parameters (ventilation, T°, RH)

• Production performance (body weights, feed/water intakes, laying rate)

• Manure characteristics (amount, composition)

• Gas concentration and emissionsTotal dust (sampling rate of 2 L/min, 1 filter/chamber.week)NH3 (non-dispersive infrared analyser)CH4 and CO2 (gas chromatography)

Material and methods - Measurements



Results and discussion – Ambient conditions


Temperature (°C) 19.8a 19.7a 20.3b

Relative humidity (%) 28.5a 26.5b 28.5a

Ventilation rate (m3 h-1 hen-1) 4.14a 3.95b 4.29c



Results and discussion – Production performance


Initial weight (kg) 1.516a 1.524a 1.519a

Final weight (kg) 1.692a 1.605b 1.587b

Weight gain (kg) 175.3a 78.7b 64.6b

Laying rate (%) 96.3a 96.6a 77.2b

Egg weight (g) 59.6a 59.3a 58.6b

Feed intake (g day-1) 123.4a 119.9ab 117.8ab

Feed conversion

(kg feed dz-1 eggs) 1.61a 1.60a 2.12b

(kg feed kg-1 eggs) 2.26a 2.24a 3.03b

Water intake

(mL day-1) 188.9a 177.8a 189.7a

(L kg-1 feed) 1.65a 1.65a 1.79b



Results and discussion – Manure characteristics


Droppings Droppings Droppings Litter

Amount (g hen-1 day-1) 70.8 ± 5.1 55.2 ± 3.1 4.4 ± 0.1 44.8 ± 1.9

pH 6.27 ± 0.06 6.33 ± 0.03 6.46 ± 0.07 8.38 ± 0.11

Dry matter (%) 50.5 ± 3.6 55.4 ± 3.8 72.3 ± 8.0 73.3 ± 0.2

Organic matter (%) 36.5 ± 2.4 40.0 ± 2.9 52.3 ± 5.2 55.9 ± 0.2

Nitrogen

(g N kg-1) 29.5 ± 0.5 35.0 ± 1.7 39.1 ± 1.3 27.9 ± 0.6

(mg N-NH4+ kg-1) 3.25 ± 0.37 3.14 ± 0.12 3.82 ± 0.19 3.56 ± 0.91

C/N ratio 12.3 ± 0.3 10.4 ± 0.4 9.5 ± 0.6 10 ± 0.3

Ash (g kg-1) 140 ± 13 154 ± 16 200 ± 28 175 ± 0.0

Phosphorus (g P kg-1) 8.0 ± 0.1 9.9 ± 0.7 10.8 ± 0.4 10.0 ± 0.0

Potassium (g K kg-1) 11.5 ± 0.6 13.8 ± 0.8 15.8 ± 0.7 14.2 ± 0.7

Calcium (g Ca kg-1) 31.9 ± 2.4 40.5 ± 1.6 46.8 ± 4.9 33.7 ± 0.9



Results and discussion – Total dust



Results and discussion – Ammonia (NH3)



Results and discussion – Methane (CH4)



Results and discussion – Carbon dioxide (CO2)



Conclusion

• Laying performance :

Cages systems : BC = ECAviaries :

• Gas releases :

≅ Greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) with the 3 systems (BC-EC-AV)

Aviaries : NH3 and dust

Impacts on environment and health of animals/workers

• EC = balance between performance, environment and welfare

• Needs for adaptation/development of new housing designs for aviaries

• Comprehensive assessment including welfare, environment and profitability



Acknowledgements

Thank you for your attention

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