DUST CONTROL ON DUST CONTROL ON UNSURFACED ROADWAYSUNSURFACED ROADWAYS
John F. RushingJohn F. RushingERDC ERDC
SPONSORED BYSPONSORED BYU.S. MARINE CORPS SYSTEMS COMMANDU.S. MARINE CORPS SYSTEMS COMMAND
TPD0600002
PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND APPROACHPROJECT DESCRIPTION AND APPROACH
�� Develop Laboratory Index Tests:Develop Laboratory Index Tests:-- Simulate Environmental ConditionsSimulate Environmental Conditions-- Sun Lamps for Curing in Desert Sun Lamps for Curing in Desert -- Air Impingement TestAir Impingement Test-- Measure Weight Loss Due to Erosion of SampleMeasure Weight Loss Due to Erosion of Sample-- Qualitative Evaluation of Sample StabilityQualitative Evaluation of Sample Stability
�� Laboratory Evaluation of CommercialLaboratory Evaluation of Commercial--OffOff--TheThe--Shelf (COTS) Dust Palliatives:Shelf (COTS) Dust Palliatives:-- Products: Polymer Emulsions, Products: Polymer Emulsions, LignosulfonatesLignosulfonates, Synthetic Oils, and , Synthetic Oils, and Polyacrylamides Polyacrylamides -- Compare Index Performance of Dust Palliatives Under Simulated CoCompare Index Performance of Dust Palliatives Under Simulated Conditionsnditions-- Use Laboratory Index Test to Differentiate Potential of ProductUse Laboratory Index Test to Differentiate Potential of Productss
�� Develop Sustainment Palliative Distribution System:Develop Sustainment Palliative Distribution System:-- Evaluate Commercial Technologies for Applying Dust Palliatives fEvaluate Commercial Technologies for Applying Dust Palliatives for Large Areasor Large Areas-- Develop Process for Efficient Product Distribution and SustaineDevelop Process for Efficient Product Distribution and Sustained Effectivenessd Effectiveness
�� Evaluate Field Performance of COTS Dust PalliativesEvaluate Field Performance of COTS Dust Palliatives-- Construct Test Sections Using Chosen Distribution MethodConstruct Test Sections Using Chosen Distribution Method-- Compare Results of Mobile and Stationary Dust Collection SystemCompare Results of Mobile and Stationary Dust Collection Systemss-- Identify Most Effective Products to Meet Military NeedsIdentify Most Effective Products to Meet Military Needs
TPD0600002
FIELD DEMONSTRATION TEST PLANFIELD DEMONSTRATION TEST PLAN
Douglas, AZ, March Douglas, AZ, March -- 20042004
Item 1Item 1 Item 2Item 2 Item 3Item 3 Item 8Item 8
20’
100’
CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES PLANCONSTRUCTION PROCESSES PLAN
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Not To ScaleNot To Scale
Dust Abatement Layout
Item 5Item 5Item 4Item 4 Item 7Item 7Item 6Item 6
500’
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500’ 500’500’ 500’500’500’ 500’500’ 500’100’ 100’ 210’ 100’875’ 100’100’ 100’
UntreatedUntreatedControlControl
Topical w/Topical w/PrewetPrewet
Topical Topical w/ow/o
PrewetPrewet
WindrowWindrowSpraySprayGradeGrade
WindrowWindrowSpraySprayGradeGrade
CompactCompact
SpraySprayWindrowWindrow
GradeGradeCompactCompact
SpraySprayTillTill
GradeGradeCompactCompact
TillTillSpraySprayGradeGrade
TillTillCompactCompact
TillTillSpraySprayTillTill
CompactCompactSpraySpray
SpraySprayTillTill
CompactCompactSpraySpray
Item 11Item 11 Item 12Item 12 Item 13Item 13 Item 18Item 18
100’
PALLIATIVE EVALUATION PLANPALLIATIVE EVALUATION PLAN
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500’
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500’ 500’500’ 500’500’500’ 500’500’ 500’100’ 100’ 308’ 622’265’ 140’100’ 100’
Blue Blue GooGoo12 lb/900 gal12 lb/900 gal
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
20’
Item 21Item 21 Item 22Item 22
300’
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500’ 500’
20’
Envirotac Envirotac IIII3:13:1
0.80.8 gsygsy
PolytacPolytac3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
DustexDustex3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
NRLNRL3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
Dust Dust FyghterFyghter0.75:10.75:10.8 0.8 gsygsy
Road Road OylOyl3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
HydrostikHydrostik20 lb/900gal20 lb/900gal
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
Soil Soil SementSement3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
EKEK--3535“Neat”“Neat”0.8 0.8 gsygsy
EnvirokleenEnvirokleen“Neat”“Neat”0.8 0.8 gsygsy
Item 23Item 23
100’
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UntreatedUntreatedControlControlwaterwater0.8 0.8 gsygsyT
rans
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n Item 24Item 24
1170’
386’ 100’
CSSCSS--111:11:1
0.3 0.3 gsygsy
500’
Item 1Item 1 Item 2Item 2 Item 3Item 3 Item 8Item 8
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CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES PLANCONSTRUCTION PROCESSES PLAN
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Dust Abatement Layout
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500’ 500’500’ 500’500’500’ 500’500’ 500’100’ 100’ 210’ 100’875’ 100’100’ 100’
UntreatedUntreatedControlControl
Topical w/Topical w/PrewetPrewet
Topical Topical w/ow/o
PrewetPrewet
WindrowWindrowSpraySprayGradeGrade
WindrowWindrowSpraySprayGradeGrade
CompactCompact
SpraySprayWindrowWindrow
GradeGradeCompactCompact
SpraySprayTillTill
GradeGradeCompactCompact
TillTillSpraySprayGradeGrade
TillTillCompactCompact
TillTillSpraySprayTillTill
CompactCompactSpraySpray
SpraySprayTillTill
CompactCompactSpraySpray
Item 11Item 11 Item 12Item 12 Item 13Item 13 Item 18Item 18
100’
PALLIATIVE EVALUATION PLANPALLIATIVE EVALUATION PLAN
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500’ 500’500’ 500’500’500’ 500’500’ 500’100’ 100’ 308’ 622’265’ 140’100’ 100’
Blue Blue GooGoo12 lb/900 gal12 lb/900 gal
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
20’
Item 21Item 21 Item 22Item 22
300’
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500’ 500’
20’
Envirotac Envirotac IIII3:13:1
0.80.8 gsygsy
PolytacPolytac3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
DustexDustex3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
NRLNRL3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
Dust Dust FyghterFyghter0.75:10.75:10.8 0.8 gsygsy
Road Road OylOyl3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
HydrostikHydrostik20 lb/900gal20 lb/900gal
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
Soil Soil SementSement3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy3:13:1
0.8 0.8 gsygsy
EKEK--3535“Neat”“Neat”0.8 0.8 gsygsy
EnvirokleenEnvirokleen“Neat”“Neat”0.8 0.8 gsygsy
Item 23Item 23
100’
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500’
UntreatedUntreatedControlControlwaterwater0.8 0.8 gsygsyT
rans
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1170’
386’ 100’
CSSCSS--111:11:1
0.3 0.3 gsygsy
500’
TPD0600002
TerraTac
GENERAL ROAD CONDITIONGENERAL ROAD CONDITION
Condition during reconCondition during reconin February 2004in February 2004
Silty Silty Gravel SurfaceGravel Surface
Condition during ConstructionCondition during ConstructionMarch 2004March 2004
All sections were freshly graded prior to construction and produAll sections were freshly graded prior to construction and product applicationct application
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SITE LAYOUTSITE LAYOUT
••500 ft x 20 ft test sections500 ft x 20 ft test sections
••Marked with traffic delineatorsMarked with traffic delineators
••Untreated transition areasUntreated transition areasseparating sectionsseparating sections
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EVALUATION OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURESEVALUATION OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURESSection Palliative Manpower Time (min)
1 Water 4 602 Envirotac II 4 1803 Envirotac II 4 1054 Envirotac II 4 425 Envirotac II 5 486 Envirotac II 5 487 Envirotac II 6 788 Envirotac II 6 1369 Envirotac II 5 125
10 Envirotac II 5 464 to 6 42 to 180
MethodSpray/CompactPrewet/Spray/CompactSpray/CompactWindrow/Spray/GradeWindrow/Spray/Grade/CompactSpray/Windrow/Grade/Compact
Range of Values:
Spray/Till/Grade/CompactTill/Spray/Grade/Till/CompactTill/Spray/Till/Compact/SpraySpray/Till/Compact/Spray
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TOPICAL APPLICATIONSTOPICAL APPLICATIONS
••Surface peelingSurface peeling
••High concentration ofHigh concentration ofproduct on surfaceproduct on surface
••Product runoffProduct runoff
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WINDROWING WITH MOTOR GRADERWINDROWING WITH MOTOR GRADER
••Product does not penetrate core ofProduct does not penetrate core ofwindrowwindrow
••Difficult to achieve uniformDifficult to achieve uniformdistributiondistribution
••Final road surface easily disturbedFinal road surface easily disturbed
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TILLING WITH ROTARY MIXERTILLING WITH ROTARY MIXER
••More even product dispersionMore even product dispersion
••Unnecessary to till before spraying surfaceUnnecessary to till before spraying surface
••Grading can expose untreated areasGrading can expose untreated areas
••Excess surface moisture can lead to peelingExcess surface moisture can lead to peelingduring compactionduring compaction
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RECOMMENDED CONSTRUCTION PROCESSRECOMMENDED CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
••Spray half of product onto surfaceSpray half of product onto surface
••Immediately till to a depth of 3 in.Immediately till to a depth of 3 in.with a rotary mixerwith a rotary mixer
••Follow with compactorFollow with compactor
••Spray remaining productSpray remaining product
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DUST PALLIATIVESDUST PALLIATIVES
11 Bob Lisle 12 lb/900 gal 0.8 gsy12 John Imm 20 lb/900gal 0.8 gsy13 Dr. James Wynne 3:1 0.8 gsy14 Todd Hawkins 0.75:1 0.8 gsy15 Bob Randolph 3:1 0.8 gsy16 Lou Snow 3:1 0.8 gsy17 Lou Snow 3:1 0.8 gsy18 John Vermillon 3:1 0.8 gsy19 David Neubauer 3:1 0.8 gsy20 Todd Hawkins 3:1 0.8 gsy21 Todd Hawkins Neat 0.8 gsy22 Todd Hawkins Neat 0.8 gsy23
Easy LawnFinnNRL
Midwest Industrial SupplySoil Stabilization Products Company, Inc.
Dust Pro, Inc.Dust Pro, Inc.
Enviromental Products & Applications GeoCHEM, Inc.
Midwest Industrial SupplyMidwest Industrial SupplyMidwest Industrial Supply
Western Emulsions 1:1 0.3 gsy24
Blue Goo Hydrostik
NRLDust Fyghter
Road Oyl Dustex Polytac
Envirotac II TerraTac
Soil Sement EK-35
Envirokleen CSS-1 Water - 0.8 gsy
ProductSection Dilution Ratio
Application Rate
CompanyContact
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MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE DATA COLLECTIONMIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE DATA COLLECTION
••State of the art dust collectionState of the art dust collectionsystemsystem
••Remote controlledRemote controlled
••25 mph travel speed25 mph travel speed
••Universal mounting systemUniversal mounting system
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MRI DUST COLLECTION RESULTSMRI DUST COLLECTION RESULTS
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Blue G
ooHyd
rosti
kCalc
ium Chlorid
eRoad
Oyl
Dustex
Polytac
Enviro
tac II
TerraT
acSoil
Semen
tEK-35
Enviro
kleen
CSS-1Wate
r
Dus
t Col
lect
ed (m
g/10
00 ft
)
Baseline Day 30 Day 60 Day 90
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ERDC DATA COLLECTIONERDC DATA COLLECTION
••Stationary dust collectors positioned on theStationary dust collectors positioned on thedownwind side of test sectiondownwind side of test section
••Ten passes with test vehicle traveling at 30Ten passes with test vehicle traveling at 30mphmph
••InIn--situ situ soil property measurementssoil property measurements
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0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Blue Goo
Hydrosti
kCalc
ium Chloride
Road Oyl
DustexPolyt
acEnviro
tac IITerr
aTac
Soil Semen
tEK-35
EnvirokleenCSS-1Water
Dus
t Col
lect
ed (g
ram
s)
Baseline Day 30 Day 60 Day 90
ERDC DUST COLLECTION RESULTS ERDC DUST COLLECTION RESULTS
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Control
TerraTacEnvirotac II
Envirokleen
RELATIVE PRODUCT EFFECTIVENESSRELATIVE PRODUCT EFFECTIVENESS
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02468
10
Blue Goo
Hydrostik
Calcium Chlor
ideRoad
OylDustexPolyt
acEnvir
otac I
ITerr
aTac
Soil Sem
entEK-35
Envirok
leenCSS-1Water
Visu
al R
atin
g
Baseline Day 30 Day 60 Day 90
ERDC VISUAL RATINGERDC VISUAL RATING
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DUST PALLIATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RATINGDUST PALLIATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RATING
9 10 10 10 985 8 9 9 795 8 8 9 774 7 9 9 742 8 7 9 680 6 3 7 431 5 4 6 421 4 5 5 392 4 4 4 361 5 3 4 350 4 0 4 220 2 6 0 210 3 0 0 9
Envirotac II TerraTac
Calcium Chloride
Envirokleen DustexCSS-1
Soil Sement EK-35Polytac
Blue GooRoad Oyl Hydrostik Control 0 2 0 0 6
ERDC Dust Reduction (25%)
MRI Dust Reduction (25%) TotalProduct Surface
Ravelling (20%)Visual Dust
Rating (30%)
TPD0600002
��Adequate mixing could not be achieved using motorAdequate mixing could not be achieved using motorgrader.grader.
��Compaction was necessary for optimum performance butCompaction was necessary for optimum performance butcaused problems with wet surfaces.caused problems with wet surfaces.
��Rotary tiller provided means to incorporate product toRotary tiller provided means to incorporate product todesired depth.desired depth.
��Final surface application after compaction providedFinal surface application after compaction providedsealed wearing surface.sealed wearing surface.
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
��Water soluble polymers are limited to low concentrationsWater soluble polymers are limited to low concentrationsdue to large viscosity increase.due to large viscosity increase.
��Starch/sugar and chloride salt based products performedStarch/sugar and chloride salt based products performedwell during dry periods. well during dry periods.
��LignosulfonateLignosulfonate products provided little soil cohesion andproducts provided little soil cohesion andwere not as effective as other products for dust abatement.were not as effective as other products for dust abatement.
��Oil based products provided little soil cohesion butOil based products provided little soil cohesion butperformed well in preventing dust.performed well in preventing dust.
��Polymer emulsions show increased strength of surface andPolymer emulsions show increased strength of surface andexhibited excellent to good dust abatement.exhibited excellent to good dust abatement.
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QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?
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