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DYE REMOVAL BY ADSORPTION USING WASTE BIOMASS:
SUGARCANE BAGASSE
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PROJECT GUIDE : Mrs. Sonali Dhokpande
Project By:
1. Ms Madhura Chincholi 2. Ms. Charmi Nagaria 3. Ms Priyanka Sagwekar
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DYESDyes are organic compounds that can provide
bright and lasting color to other substances. Complex aromatic molecular structures which
make them more stable and difficult to biodegrade.
They are designed to resist fading upon exposure to sweat, light, water, and oxidizing agents
Types of dyes: Natural and synthetic. Used in the textile, leather, paper , rubber,
plastic, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food industries.
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Textile industries ranks first in dye usage.
High Effluent Discharge.The wastewaters discharged from
dyeing processes exhibit1. High BOD2. High COD3. Visible Pollutant4. Hot, alkaline and contain high
amounts of dissolved solids.
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Harmful EffectsToxicCarcinogenicMutagenicTeratogenicRetards photosynthetic activity
Inhibits growth of aquatic biota
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PERMISSIBLE LIMITSThe maximum permissible COD limit is 250
mg/L The maximum permitted BOD content of <
100 to 300 mg/L.
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TREATMENT METHODSBy Aerobic BiodegradationCoagulation using alum, limeChemical oxidation methods using chlorine and ozone
Membrane separation Degradation (Chemical, Photo, Bio)
Adsorption
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ADSORPTIONAdsorption is
the adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid to a surface. This process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent.
Adsorption is a consequence of surface energy.
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TYPES of ADSORPTIONPhysisorption (characteristic of weak van der
Waals forces)Chemisorption (characteristic of covalent
bonding). It may also occur due to electrostatic attraction.
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Properties of AdsorbentGranular form.Should not offer a pressure drop.Large surface area per unit volume.Solid density.Porosity.Ability to develop force of attraction.
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BAGASSE AS AN ADSORBENTBagasse is the fibrous matter that remains
after sugarcane are crushed to extract their juice.Available abundantly.It can also be used in raw form for adsorption.It is also used for some dyes in chemically activated
form. It is an effective and cost efficient adsorbent.It can be converted into granular form. In fact, in some dyes, bagasse is found more
efficient than AC or some adsorbents and can be regenerated.
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MaterialsBagasse and Methylene Blue Dye
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Fig. SEM images of SB at two different magnifications
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF DYES REMOVED BY BAGASSEDYE NAME PARAMETERS ISOTHERMS
FOLLOWED
Orange- g pH, contact time, adsorption dose, initial dose of adsorbent.
Freundlich Isotherm
Methyl Violet pH, contact time, adsorption dose, initial dose of adsorbent.
Langmuir Isotherm
Rhodamine - B pH, dye concentration, adsorption dose, presence of surfactants.
Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm
Reactive Orange pH, contact time, adsorption dose, initial dose of adsorbent.
Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm
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METHYLENE BLUE DYEDiscovered by Caro in 1876.A basic cationic dye, heterocyclic
aromatic chemical compound. Methylene Blue(MB) is a member of
thi-azine class of dyes and has ox-red properties.
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Molecular formula : C16H18N3SClIUPAC name : 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)- phenothiazin-5-ium
chlorideSynonyms : 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)5-phenothiazinium
chloride, Aizen methylene blue BH, Basic blue 9, Tetramethylthionine chloride, etc.
Molecular weight : 319.85 gSolubility in water : Soluble (3.5%)Absorption maxima : 655.8 nmColour index : 52,015Appearance : Dark green powderUses : Optical oxygen sensor in food industry.
In Biology field as an antiseptic and stain for fixed and living tissues.
In chemistry as a photosensitizer for singlet oxygen generation.
As an organic dye in Textile Industry.
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Fig.(a) Methylene blue solution Fig(b)Methylene Blue Powder
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DIFFERENT ADSORBENTS STUDIED FOR METHYLENE BLUE ADSORPTION
ADSORBENT PARAMETERS STUDIED
ISOTHERMSFOLLOWED
Orange peels Dye concentration and pH
Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm
Banana peels Dye concentration and pH
Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm
Aquacultural shell powder
pH, dye and solid concentration and contact time
Langmuir isotherm
Rice husk ash pH, contact time,initial concentration and adsorbent dose
Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm
Activated carbon
pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage
Langmuir isotherm
Treated Activated carbon
contact time, solution pH and adsorbent dosage
Langmuir isotherm
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MethodologyChemically Activated Bagasse
Raw BagasseStock Solution
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Methodology for chemically activated bagasse
Bagasse from sugarcane mill Sun dry,grind and wash with distilled water
Soaked in 1/3rd by weight concentrated sulfuric acid for 48 h
for chemical activation
Washed with distilled water and soaked in 1%
sodium bicarbonate solution overnight to remove residue acid
Oven dried at 150- 160.C for 24 hours and
Sieved
Chemically activated bagasse adsorbent
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Methodology for Raw Bagasse
Bagasse
from sugarcan
e mill
Sundried, grin
d and then soaked in distilled
water for 48 h.
Treated with Alkal
i NaHCO3 for 12
hours.
Washed with DW and treated
with formaldehyde
Dried in oven
at 50-
60°C for 24
hours.
Raw Bagasse.
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Pictures of the Raw and Chemically Activated Bagasse
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Dye solution
For the present study, MB have been supplied by Aldrich Sigma Ltd.
The dye stock solution of 1,000 ppm is prepared.
The experimental solutions of desired concentrations are prepared by diluting the stock solution with distilled water.
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Different known concentration solutions used for calibration.
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std curve.grf
Absorbance
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pm)
Standard calibration curve for methylene blue at 655.8 nm
DPlotTrial
Versionhttp://www.dplot.com
0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 30
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
25
y=-1.458+8.626x
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PARAMETERS STUDIEDpHContact timeAdsorbent doseDye concentration
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IDC.grf
Contact time (min)
% A
dsor
bed
Effect of initial dye concentration
DPlotTrial
Versionhttp://www.dplot.com
15 30 45 60 75 900
20
40
60
80
100
76.75
82.03
90.53 91.6693.51
54.15
61.32
67.83 68.49
83.79
50 ppm100 ppm
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AD.grf
Contact time (min)
% A
dsor
bed
Effect of adsorbent dosage
DPlotTrial
Versionhttp://www.dplot.com
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 750
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
0.4 g
0.6 g0.8 g1.0 g
0.2 g
0.4 g0.6 g0.8 g1.0 g0.2 g
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ConclusionIncrease in pH increased the adsorption rate. For
pH values < 7 chemically activated bagasse was more effective , for pH ≥ 7 both adsorbents were found to be equally efficient.
For initial dye conc., the amount of dye adsorbed initially increased with time but attained equilibrium within 45 min.
For adsorbent dosage, in the first 15 min the adsorption rate rapidly increased and then it proceeded gradually till equilibrium. An optimum equilibrium %removal of 95.61 was achieved with 12 g/L by chemically activated bagasse of adsorbate conc. of 100 ppm.
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Referencewww.indiaonestop.com/economy-macro-agro.htmRajeshwari Sivaraj, Sivakumar, S., Senthilkumar, P.,
Subburam, V., (2001): Carbon from cassava peel, an agricultural waste, as an adsorbent in the removal of dyes and metal ions from the aqueous solution. – Bioresource Technol 80 (3), pp.233-235
Mckay, G., Elgundi, M., Nassar, M. M.,. (1988): External mass transport process during the adsorption of dyes on to the Baggasse pith. – Water Res 22(12), 1527-33
APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2(2): 35–43.http://www.ecology.kee.hu • ISSN 1589 1623© 2004, Penkala Bt., Budapest, Hungary
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