Early 19th Century Reformers
Women’s Rights Movement
Cult of domesticity Housework & child care only proper
activities for married women Seneca Falls Convention
Women’s rights convention Was where the “Declaration of
Sentiments” was writtenProvided women w/ increased
opportunities to act outside the home
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Co-wrote “Declaration of
Sentiments” w/ Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Blackwell 1st woman doctor in U.S. Opened her own clinic
Lucretia Mott Co-wrote “Declaration of
Sentiments” w/ Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
Margaret Fuller Advocated that women could have
opinions outside the “cult of domesticity”
Abolitionists Slavery was one of the biggest
issues leading up to the civil war
Abolition – the movement to end slavery
Frederick Douglass Black abolitionist Started a newspaper called “The
North Star”
William Lloyd Garrison White abolitionist Published The Liberator
Harriet Tubman Conductor of the underground
railroad
Nat Turner Led a revolt on a Virginia
Plantation Was caught and hanged
Sojourner Truth Abolitionist Feminist Public speaker on those issues Illiterate
Harriet Beecher Stowe Wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” One of the causes leading to the
Civil War
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Phase 1
Manufacturers made products by dividing the tasks involved among the workers
Phase 2 Manufacturers built factories to bring
specialized workers together Phase 3
Machines did the work and people operated them
Samuel Morse Invented telegraph (Morse Code) 1844
John Deere Invented steel-tipped plow
(1837)
Elias Howe & I.M. Singer Invented sewing machine (1846)
Cyrus McCormick Invented mechanical reaper
(1834)
Robert Fulton Invented Steamboat (1807)
Charles Goodyear Goodyear's discovery of what
came to be known as vulcanization strengthened rubber so it could be applied to a vast variety of industrial uses, including, eventually, automobile tires.
Peter Cooper 1st American Steam locomotive
(1830)
New Philosophies Many people sought alternative to
traditional religionTranscendentalism
Emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature & in personal emotion & imagination
Stressed American ideas of optimism, freedom, and self-reliance
Ralph Waldo Emerson Became known for challenging
traditional thought Chief spokesman for
Transcendentalism, (the American philosophic and literary movement)
Transcendentalism was a reaction against scientific rationalism
Henry David Thoreau Protested Mexican War Wrote “The Duty of Civil
Disobedience”
James Fenimore Cooper First major American novelist Best-known for tales of frontier
adventure including… “The Last of the Mohicans” (1826)
Washington Irving Has been called the father of the
American short story Wrote “The Legend of Sleepy
Hollow”
Nathaniel Hawthorne Wrote “The Scarlet Letter”
Herman Melville Best-known for his novels of the
sea Wrote “Moby Dick”
Edgar Allan Poe Known as the father of modern
mystery A master of the horror tale (I.e.
“The Raven”)
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Poet Known for rhymes from Mother
Goose Known for words to nursery
songs Was among the first American
writers to use native themes
Walt Whitman Incorporated natural speech
rhythms into poetry Wrote 7 editions of “Leaves of
Grass”
Emily Dickinson Poetry reflects her loneliness Was not publicly recognized during
her lifetime
Dorothea Dix Worked to help the mentally ill Reformed prison conditions Educated people on mental illness
Horace Mann Established modern public school
system; “Father of Public Schools” Developed an educational system
with grade levels & teacher training
John James Audubon Set up a society for the study of
birds
George Catlin Documented the tribal life of
Native Americans throughout his travels of the west
Joseph Smith
Was the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, also known as Mormonism,
Brigham Young Young moved the Mormons in an
exodus to Utah
Charles Grandison Finney Was a minister of the gospel who
became an important figure in the Second Great Awakening
Known as "the Father of modern revivalism"
Sarah & Angelina Grimke Daughters of a slave owner First women to publicly argue
against slavery
Susan B. Anthony Led the fight for women’s rights Her efforts led to the 19th
Amendment (women’s suffrage)