Download - Earthquake Vigilance System
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EARTHQUAKE VIGILANCE SYSTEM
PROJECT BY : PROJECT I/C
Aniket Gupta Mrs. KiranDewangan
Deepak Patel Lecturer Et& T Joy Thomas
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Aim of the project
Our aim of the project basically is to minimize the pronounced
destruction caused by the major natural calamity i.e. Earthquake.
The principal component of the project is the microcontroller, which
senses the signal when the earthquake strikes the area & performs
vulnerable tasks.
Thus the project rather dont prevent the
disaster but positively the project is designed to monitor the huge
sabotage to both men & property. It alarms the nearby help
centres, firesmen & rings a high frequency alarm that will intimate
the people residing in the particular area.
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FEATURES
1. It can count the number of shocks & display iton LCD.
2. It rises a high frequency alarm to intimate thenearby help centre, police station, firemen as wellas the people living in the locality.
3. Put on the emergency lights.
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EARTHQUAKE
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of asudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.The seismicity or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and
size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. Earthquakes aremeasured with a seismometer; a device which also records is known as a
seismograph
SIZE & FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCEThere are around 500,000 earthquakes each year. About 100,000 of these can
actually be felt. Minor earthquakes occur nearly constantly around the worldin places like California and Alaska in the U.S., as well as
in Guatemala. Chile, Peru, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan,theAzores in Portugal,Turkey, New Zealand, Greece, Italy, and Japan, but
earthquakes can occur almost anywhere, including New York City, London,and Australia. Larger earthquakes occur less frequently, the relationship
being exponential
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SEISMIC WAVES
Seismic wavesare wavesof energy that travel through the earth, for
example as a result of an earthquake,explosion, or some otherprocess that imparts low-frequency acoustic energy. Many other
natural and anthropogenic sources create low amplitude waves
commonly referred to as ambient vibrations. Seismic waves are
studied by seismologistsand geophysicists. Seismic wavefieldsaremeasured by a seismograph, geophone,hydrophone(in water),
or accelerometer.
TYPES OF SIESMIC WAVES
There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different
ways. The two main types of waves are body wavesandsurface waves. Body waves
can travel through the earth's inner layers, but surface waves can only move along
the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Earthquakes radiate seismic energy as
both body and surface waves.
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BODY WAVES
Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth. They follow
raypathsrefracted by the varying density andmodulus (stiffness) ofthe Earth's interior. The density and modulus, in turn, vary according
to temperature, composition, and phase. This effect is similar to
the refractionof light waves.
P-WAVES
The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. This is
the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive'
at a seismic station. The P wave can move through solid rock and
fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. It pushes and pullsthe rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air.
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S-WAVES
The second type of body wave is theS waveor secondary wave, which is the second
wave you feel in an earthquake. An S wave is slower than a P wave and can onlymove through solid rock, not through any liquid medium. It is this property of S
waves that led seismologists to conclude that the Earth's outer coreis a liquid. S
waves move rock particles up and down, or side-to-side--perpendicular to the
direction that the wave is traveling in the direction of wave propagation.
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SURFACE WAVES
Travelling only through the crust, surface waves are of a lower
frequency than body waves, and are easily distinguished on aseismogram as a result. Though they arrive after body waves, it is
surface waves that are almost entirely responsible for the damage
and destruction associated with earthquakes. This damage and the
strength of the surface waves are reduced in deeper earthquakes.
Principle behind the project
When an earthquake occurs, it releases energy in the form of
seismic waves that radiate from the earthquake source in all directions.The waves
differ in their velocities and the type of tremor that they generate.
The fastest wave, and therefore the first to arrive at a given location, is
called the P wave.TheP wavealternately compresses and expands material in the
direction that it travels.
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Earthquake advance warning is possible by
detecting the non-destructive primary waves that
travel more quickly through the Earth's crustthan do the destructive secondary and Rayleigh
waves. The amount of advance warning depends on
the delay between the arrival of the P-wave and
other destructive waves.
EARTHQUAKE VIGILANCE SYSTEM is thus designed to
detect the first to arrive wave (P wave) to let
us know the destructive wave (S wave) is on the
way.
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HARDWARE USED
AT 89C52
LCD (20*4 SUM 2004-3)
LM 324 COMPARATOR
ULN 2803 ISOLATOR
HARD DRIVE MOTOR 7200 rpm
TRANSFORMER
TOGGLE SWITCH 3no.s
TRANSMITTER (9volts)RECIEVER (6 volts)
BUZZER (12 volts)
LED
VARIABLE POT (10k)
BATTERY (9volts)
SWITCHLCD BASE
FUSE
RESISTORS(8.2k,10k)
CAPACITORS(10uf, 33pf)
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ADVANTAGES
Following are the advantages of such a project
1.Principle of such a project is based on the
first arriving wave .i.e P wave; thus will alert
the residents before the major destructive wave
strike the locality.
2.The project is cheap for implementation.
3.Moreover the project is portable & can be
easily implemented on large scale.
4.Can be used as a domestic or commercial
appliance
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THANKS