Download - EBO 4 Grid Edit

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Purpose of the GRID section

The Grid section contains the properties used to calculate

pore volume & transmissibility

ECLIPSE uses cell pore volume and transmissibility to

calculate flows from cell to cell

),,(

),,(

L

NTGAK

T

),,(

z)y,(x,

zyx

zyxzyx

=NTGVPV cell =


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Minimum GRID Section

Required Properties for each cell in the model:

Geometry

Cell dimensions & depths

Properties

Porosity

Permeability

(Net-to-gross or net thicknessif not included, ECLIPSEassumes equal to 1)


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Types of Grids Supported

Block CenteredCorner Point

Radial

Cartesian

1

Unstructured (PEBI)


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Block-Centered vs Corner Point: Geometry

3

Block-Centered Corner PointZCORN keywordspecifies the height

of all corners of all

cells

COORD keyword

specifies the X,Y,Z ofthe lines that define

the corner of all cells

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

(10,1,1)

(11,1,1)

TOPS keyword specifies the

upper face depthDX keyword specifies the

thickness of the cells in the I

direction

DY keyword specifies the

thickness of the cells in the Jdirection

DZ keyword specifies the

thickness of the cells in theK direction

Note: DXV, DYV, DZV are alternate forms

(10,1,1)

(11,1,1)


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(11,1,1)(11,1,1)

Block-Centered vs Corner Point: Transmissibility

Flow from cell can flow to cell(s)

Block-Centered Corner Point

2

Cell connections are by

logicalorder:

(11,1,1) (11,1,2) & (10,1,1)

Cell connections are by

geometricposition:

(11,1,1) (11,1,2), (10,1,2)partial & (10,1,3)

(10,1,1) (10,1,1)


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Block-centered vs Corner point: Summary

Block-centered

Cell description is simple

Pre-processor is not required

Geometry data is small

Geologic structures are modelledsimplistically

Pinchouts & unconformities are

difficult to modelIncorrect cell connections

across faults (user must modify

transmissibility)

Corner Point

Cell description can be complex

Pre-processor is required

Geometry data is voluminous

Geologic structures can bemodelled accurately

Pinchouts & unconformities can

be modelled accuratelyLayer contiguity across fault

planes is accurately modelled


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Radial vs Cartesian Keywords

Block-centered Corner Point

Cartesian Radial Cartesian Radial

NX, NY, NZ NR, NTHETA, NZ NX, NY, NZ NR, NTHETA, NZ

DX, DY, DZ (orD*V form)

DR (INRAD &OUTRAD),

DTHETA, DZ (orD*V form)

COORD, ZCORN COORD, ZCORN

PERMX, -Y, -Z PERMR, -THT, -Z PERMX, -Y, -Z PERMR, -THT, -Z

MULTX, etc MULTR, etc MULTX, etc MULTR, etc


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Grid Cell Property Definition

Cell propertiessuch as PORO,PERMX,PERMY,

PERMZ, NTGare averagesdefined at thecentre


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Cartesian Data Reading Convention

Cell data is read with i cycling fastest, followed by j then k

i increasing

j increasing

k increasing

(12,4,1)

1

(1,1,1)


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Radial Data Reading Convention

Cell data is read with R cycling fastest, followed by then k

k increasing increasing

R increasing

(4,3,1)

1

(1,1,1)


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Unstructured grids do not have row-column type

organization

ECLIPSE requires this information, so cells are assignedI,J,K values by FloGrid

Unstructured Grid Reading Convention

(2,4,1)(8,19,1)

Use a post-processor to modify a PEBI grid!


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Inactive Cells

Avoid simulating fluid flow in unimportant cells

ACTNUM explicitly set each cells behaviour

0 indicates the cell is inactive

1 indicates the cell is active

MINPV indicate a minimum pore volume for a cell to be activePINCH indicate a minimum thickness for a cell to be active

ECLIPSE will automatically inactivate any cell with zero pore volume

Note: FloViz & FloGrid are normally defaulted to show active cells only

(Scene | Grid | Show | Inactive cells)


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Cell Property Definition Rules

One property per cell (NX*NY*NZ)

Values must be defined for inactive cells too

Explicit values only

ECLIPSE has no facilities for entering data as a function

FloGrid, Office, FloViz have property calculators

Define the property with the pre-processor

Export the property as a text file (*.grdecl) Use the INCLUDE keyword


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Input Examples

--NX = 5, NY = 3, NZ = 4

NTG

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

15*0.40

15*0.95

15*0.85 /

EQUALS

'PORO ' 0.250 /

'PERMX' 45 /

'PERMX' 10 1 5 1 3 2 2 /

'PERMX' 588 1 5 1 3 3 3 /

/

BOX

1 3 1 3 1 1 /

PORO

9*0.28 /

PERMX

100 80 85 83 99 110 92 91 84 /

ENDBOX

COPY

'PERMX' 'PERMY' /

'PERMX' 'PERMZ' /

/

MULTIPLY

'PERMZ' 0.05 /

/

2

Specify each value

Specify similar values

with the *

BOX example

This would overwrite

PORO & PERMX

specified previously

EQUALS exampleApplies to whole grid

Applies to cells specified

COPY example

MULTIPLY example


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Cell Property Definition using Petrel

The properties are assigned to each cell during upscaling &

exported to a file

The INCLUDE keyword is used to load the properties from

Petrel:

INCLUDE

grainne_props.grdecl /

grainne_props.grdecl


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Local Grid Refinement

Allows high grid resolution in an area of interest while keeping a

low resolution elsewhere.

Typical applications:

Near well pressure changes

Coning and cusping

Condensate dropout

Areas of high well densityFields sharing a common aquifer


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CARFIN

--Name I1 I2 J1 J2 K1 K2 NX NY NZ Wells

LGR1 2 4 2 7 1 1 6 18 1 1 /

CARFIN


LGR1 2 4 2 7 1 1 6 18 1 1 /

CARFIN


LGR1 2 4 2 7 1 1 6 18 1 1 /

Introducing a Cartesian LGR

1) Choose global cells to refine

2) Decide on LGR size

3) Insert CARFIN, update LGR in

RUNSPEC

I t d i R di l LGR


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Introducing a Radial LGR

1) Choose global cells to refine

Single vertical column OR

2 x 2 vertical column (E100 only)

2) Decide on LGR size

Inner radius and outer radius (optional)

Limited choice for NTHETA: Single column -> 1 or 4

2 x 2 column -> 4 or 8

3) Insert RADFIN (or RADFIN4), INRAD, OUTRAD (optional) andupdate LGR in RUNSPEC

R di l LGR E l


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Radial LGR Examples

A single vertical column of cellsRADFIN

--Name I J K1 K2 NR NTHETA NZ Wells

RAD1 2 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 /

INRAD

0.507 /

R di l LGR E l


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A 2 x 2 vertical column of cells (E100 only)RADFIN4

--Name I1 I2 J1 J2 K1 K2 NR NTHETA NZ Wells

RAD4 4 5 4 5 1 1 6 8 1 1 /

INRAD

0.507 /

OUTRAD

9.0 /

Radial LGR Examples

Adj ti th i f LGR


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Adjusting the size of LGRs

To modify the default sizes of local cells

1) Set number of local cells in each globalcell

2) Define relative sizes of local cells

3) Conclude specification (if not specifyingproperties)

CARFIN


ALGR 2 6 2 4 1 1 14 7 1 1 /

NXFIN

2 3 4 3 2 /NYFIN

2 3 2 /

HXFIN

6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 /

ENDFIN

Property Modification


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Property Modification

Local cells automatically inherit properties from global host cells.

Can be over-ridden using most GRID section keywords.

Must be placed after specification keyword (CARFIN, RADFIN or

RADFIN4) and before ENDFIN or subsequent specification keyword.

CARFIN


LGR1 2 4 2 7 1 1 6 18 1 1 /

EQUALS

PORO 0.18 /PERMX 150 /

/

ENDFIN

Non neighbor Connections (NNCs)


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Non-neighbor Connections (NNCs)

An NNC allows flow between cells without adjacent IJK indices

Pinchouts & Unconformities (PINCH and/or MINPV)

Faults

Aquifers often require NNCs

Local Grid Refinement (LGRs) and Coarsening (LGCs)

Radial Models

Dual Porosity/Permeability models

User-defined NNCs

Common NNCs


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Common NNC s

(12,2,5) has NNC to (12,2,7)

PINCH or MINPV must be used

Unconformity

LGRGlobal cell (1,2,1) has NNCs to LGR

cells (1,1,1), (1,2,1) and (1,3,1)

ECLIPSE will calculate

(4,2,1) has NNCs to (3,2,3) & (3,2,4)

ECLIPSE will calculate in Corner Point grids

(default transmissibility NEWTRAN)

Fault Throw

3

NNCs in Radial Models


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NNCs in Radial Models

1,1,1

1,2,11,3,1

1,4,1

2,1,1

2,2,12,3,1

2,4,1

3,1,1

3,2,13,3,1

3,4,1

NNCs generatedbetween = 0 and360 using:

COORDSYS

1 COMP /

Indexing Conventions


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Indexing Conventions

For any cell I increasingJ increasing

K increasing

(3,2,2)

1

I +

(4,2,2)

I (2,2,2)

J

(3,1,2)

K (3,2,1)

J+(3,3,2)

K+(3,2,3)

Transmissibility Options in ECLIPSE


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Transmissibility Options in ECLIPSE

NEWTRAN:

Harmonic average of half-cell transmissibility

Based on the mutual interface area of the two cells

A dip correction is automatically accounted for (using the vectordistance from the cell center to the cell face center )

Default for corner point grids

OLDTRAN: (Harmonic average of Perm) * (Arithmetic average of Area)

Dip correction is applied (even across faults)

Default for block-centered grids

OLDTRANR:

Harmonic average of (Perm * Area)

Dip correction is applied (even across faults)

NEWTRAN Definition


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NEWTRAN Definition

+

=

22

222

11

111

x 11

MULTXcT

DDDANTGKx

DDDANTGKx

i

++

++=

222

111

11

1

111 ZYX DDD

DADADA

DD

DA ZZYYXX

Ty & Tz are similar,

however NTG is not

used in TzDx2

Dx1

A

Kx1 NTG1

Kx2 NTG2

OLDTRAN Definition


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OLDTRAN Definition

B

DIPCA =

MULTXcTx

( )221

2

21

2

21

2

2

DepthDepthDXDX

DXDX

DIPC

+

+

+

=

( )2122211112

DXDX

NTGDZDYDXNTGDZDYDXA

+

+=

2

2

2

1

1

+

=Kx

DX

Kx

DX

B

DZ1

DX1

DX2

(DX1+ DX2)/2

DZ2

T12

Depth D2

Depth D1

KX1 and NTG1

KX2 and NTG2

DZ1

DX1

DX2

(DX1+ DX2)/2

DZ2

T12

Depth D2

Depth D1

KX1 and NTG1

KX2 and NTG2

DX1

DX2

(DX1+ DX2)/2

DZ2

T12

Depth D2

Depth D1

KX1 and NTG1

KX2 and NTG2

Ty & Tz are similar, however neither NTG

nor the dip correction (DIPC) are used in Tz

GRID Transmissibility Modification Rules


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GRID Transmissibility Modification Rules

The MULT and MULT- multipliers are not cumulative

Affect direct & non-neighbor connections, but not user-

defined NNCs

If both MULT and MULT- multipliers are used on the

same two cells, then the product of the multipliers is appliedto the transmissibility

The MULTIPLY keyword has a cumulative effect

Transmissibility Modifications


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Transmissibility Modifications

FAULTS

-- IX1 IX2 IY1 IY2 IZ1 IZ2 FACE

ID3 6 6 1 1 1 7 X /

ID3 7 7 1 1 1 7 Y /

ID3 7 7 2 4 1 7 X /

ID3 8 8 4 4 1 7 Y /

ID3 8 8 5 7 1 7 X /

ID3 9 9 7 7 1 7 Y /

ID3 9 9 8 8 1 7 X /

ID2 19 19 1 11 1 7 X /

ID1 11 35 11 11 1 7 Y /

/

MULTFLT

-- Multiplier (no diffusion)

ID2 0.5 /

ID1 0 /

/

Zig-Zag Fault (ID3)

Straight Faults (ID1 & ID2)

GRID Section Output Controls


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For a report in the PRT file, use: RPTGRID (request report of many GRID Section keywords,

including ALLNNC)

BOUNDARY limits the PRT output to specified I,J,K range

For 3D viewable output, use: Geometric data (*.egrid),

GRIDFILE

0 1 / Static properties (*.init),

INIT

GRID Section Output Controls

For an unstructured grid,the *.egrid must be

exported from FloGrid


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EDIT Section

Purpose of the EDIT Section


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u pose o t e Sect o

Cell geometry, pore volume and transmissibily are

calculated in the GRID Section

These properties are modified in the EDIT Section

EDIT is optional

EDIT Section keywords


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y

GRID Section output that may be modified in the EDITSection:

DEPTH, PORV, TRAN (X, Y, R, THT, Z) Diffusivity Option keywords

Operators

MULTIPLY, BOX, EQUALS, COPY, ADD, MINVALUE,MAXVALUE

Others

EDITNNC, MULTPV, MULTFLT

MULT (X, Y, R, THT, Z, etc) are allowed but not recommended


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This slide does not appear in the manual

EX 3: SectorModel GRID

Download - EBO 4 Grid Edit

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