ECC LINUX WORKSHOP (INTRO COURSE)
WHAT WILL BE COVERED
1. UNIX/Linux Overview
2. Red Hat Enterprise Linux
3. ECC-UNIX accounts
4. How to Login
5. GUI Navigation
6. Applications
7. Command Line
8. Shell Commands and Create Text Files
9. File Permissions
10. Remote Access & File Transfer
11. X Window + PUTTY
12. Security & ECC Policies
13. Help Requests
UNIX OVERVIEW
UNIX was developed in 1969 at Bell Labs. Originally used as a workbench for programmers to develop new software for testing.
Main Functions of UNIX:
- High performance Computing (Clustering, job scheduling)
- Resource Sharing (File and sharing)
- Multi-User Access
- Programming and Software Development
LINUX
• Linus Torvalds developed the Linux kernel in 1991.
• Collaborated with the GNU Project in 1992, to create the first free operating system for the public.
• Many distributions of Linux include Debian, Fedora, Mandriva, SUSE, Slackware, and Android
• Most distributions are free for use, some are NOT
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX
• Enterprise level operating system
• Trademark and Support are NOT free
• CentOS and Scientific Linux are free “rebuild”versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux
CENTOS 6 AND 7
• http://www.centos.org/
• A free, community supported enterprise OS.
• Exact replica of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and 7
ECC-UNIX ACCOUNT
• ALL ENGINEERING STUDENTS, USING LINUX SYSTEMS OR APPLICATIONS WILL NEED A ECC-UNIX ACCOUNT
• NEW USERS WILL NEED TO APPLY FOR ECC-UNIX ACCOUNTS AT THE ECC LAB FRONT DESK
• COUGAR ID CARD MUST BE PRESENT WHEN APPLYING FOR AN ECC-UNIX ACCOUNT
• ONLY ENGINEERING AFFILIATED STUDENTS AND FACULTY ARE ALLOWED TO CREATE A ECC-UNIX ACCOUNT
• ANY NON ENGINEERING STUDENTS OR FACULTY MUST OBTAIN SPONSORSHIP TO CREATE AN ACCOUNT
• ECC UNIX ACCOUNTS NOW USE COUGARNET PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION.
SWITCH TO COUGARNET AUTHENTICATION
Starting Fall 2014
• COUGARNET ACCOUNT PASSWORDS WILL BE USED TO LOGIN TO ALL ENGINEERING LINUX SYSTEMS
• NEW USERS WILL STILL NEED TO CREATE A ECC-UNIX ACCOUNT USERNAME
• ALL ACCOUNT PASSWORDS WILL HAVE TO BE RESET BY UofH CENTRAL IT.
RESET PASSWORD (ONLINE)
GO TO: http://www.uh.edu/infotech/
Click “Password Reset”
Enter security information
On CougarNet
Click “Reset”
HOW TO LOGIN
• OPEN X-WIN 32 FROM START MENU
• CONFIGURE X-WIN 32:
• New Connection “Manual”• Choose ‘XDMCP’• ‘General’ tab• Connection Name: tuxedo • XDMCP mode: Query
• HOST: tuxedo.egr.uh.edu• Hit ‘Save’• Hit ‘Launch’
USE ECC UNIX/CougarNet ACCOUNT TO LOGIN
XWIN-32 LOGIN USING SSH
• Click “Start” -> “All Programs” -> “X-Win 32 2012”
• CONFIGURE X-WIN 32:
• New Connection “Manual”
• Connection Method ‘SSH’
• ‘General’ tab
• Connection Name: tuxedo or linus
• HOST: tuxedo.egr.uh.edu
• Command: /usr/bin/gnome-session
• Switch to “Advanced” tab
• Start New Instance “Always”
• Window Mode: “Switch to Single”
• Save your configuration
• Highlight the connection name and click “Launch”
• USE ECC UNIX ACCOUNT TO LOGIN
NAGIVATE THE GUI (GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE)• Applications
• Accessories• word processing• System tools• Command line (terminal)
• Places
• Home folder• Subdirectories• Search for files
• System
• Preferences• Administration Utilities• System Documentation
APPLICATIONS
• Firefox• Web Browser
• LibreOffice• Open source version of Microsoft Word, Excel,
and PowerPoint
• Terminal • Command line shell prompt• Faster than GUI
• Text Editors• EMACS• Gedit• VI/ VIM/ NANO (command line)
CLASS SOFTWARE LOCATION
Location: /usr/local
Software: MATLAB, Abacus, Fluent, Cadence, Comsol, etc…
MATLAB• Location of MATLAB Software folder:
• /usr/local/MATLAB
• Current licensed versions:
R2012a and R2013a
• To run application using GUI
• Click “Computer” -> “Filesystem” -> “usr” -> “local” -> “MATLAB” -> “R2013a” -> “bin” -> “matlab”
Easy way! on CLI
Matlab 2012a
Type: $ matlab
Matlab R2013a
Type: $ matlab2013
COMSOL• Location of Comsol software executable
$ /usr/local/comsol40a_Wosik/bin/comsol
Create a command path in your home .bashrc file
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/comsol40a_Wosik/bin/
Save .bashrc file
Type $ source .bashrc
TO CHECK YOUR CONFIGURATION:
Check you path with $ echo $PATH
Also check the path location of a shell command using which
Ex. $ which comsol
CADENCE
Software Location:
/usr/local/Cadence
Please check the ECE webpage for Cadence setup to ECC-UNIX account profiles IE.
http://www.ee.uh.edu/research/cadence-university-program
Click the “Getting started in Cadence” link to open a profile configuration document.
Skip steps 1 – 7 (new configuration next slide)
CADENCE (CONTINUED)Using your favorite text editor…
Edit ~/.login
Add lines:
#Cadence Calp path
set path=($path /usr/local/bin /usr/local/calp)
source /usr/local/calp/nlogin
Save file
Edit ~/.cshrc
#Cadence Virtuoso Path
alias virtuoso "/usr/local/Cadence/ic/tools/dfII/bin/virtuoso &"
setenv PATH ${PATH}:/usr/local/Cadence/ic/tools/dfII/bin
setenv PATH ${PATH}:/usr/local/Cadence/tools/bin
set path=($path /usr/local/bin /usr/local/calp)
source /usr/local/calp/ncshrc
Save file
Run virtuoso: in the shell
Type:
$ tcsh
$ source ~/.login
$ virtuoso &
MUST BE IN A X11 (remote graphical) SESSION TO RUN THIS PROGRAM
SILVACO• Location of program is located in /usr/local/SILVACO.x64
• Users can set the path to run the program in there home directory.
• Set your path in your home folder .bashrc file.
• Using (vim,nano) text editor, enter the following line in your profile:
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/SILVACO.x64/bin/
Save .bashrc file
Type $ source .bashrc
TO CHECK YOUR CONFIGURATION:
Check you path with $ echo $PATH
Also check the path location of a shell command using which
Ex. $ which deckbuild
FLUENT
Location: : /usr/local/ANSYS-15/v150/fluent/bin/fluent
Run Fluent from the CLI (easy way)
In home .bashrc file, add
##Fluent Path
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/ANSYS-15/v150/fluent/bin/
Save…
Type: $ fluent
ACCESS THE COMMAND LINE PROMPT
Applications System tools Terminal
Fully text based command prompt
Shell prompt
[ username@<hostname> <current working directory>] $
SHELL COMMAND SYNTAX
Command syntax and arguements are DIFFERENT for each and every shell command
[user@host ~]$ command [OPTIONS] …[file] [file2]
Example:
[user@host ~]$ ls –al [file]
- Will display all files in the current working directory with a “long listing format”
USING SIMPLE SHELL COMMANDS
Navigation:
ls – list directory contents
ls –l - view files and permissions
pwd – print, current working directory
cd – change directory
cd <directory path>
Ex. (to go to user home directory)
[user]$ cd /home/user or cd ~
Copying, Moving, and Deleting
cp – copy files and directories
cp <file source> <file destination>
mv – move or rename file
mv <file source> <file destination>
touch – make basic text files
touch <file name>
mkdir – create a directory
mkdir <directory file path>
rm – delete a file (can be destructive)
rm <file path>
rmdir – delete directory (empty directory)
rmdir <file path>
SHELL COMMANDS (CONTINUED)
Search commands:
find – search for files
Find <sourse directory> -name <name of file or directory> -print
Documentation:
man – manual pages
man <command or application>
Change File Permissions:
chown – change file owner and group
chown owner:group <file path>
chgrp <groupname> <file path>
System commands:
top – show current processes that are running
df –h: show the file system disk space usage
w : show users currently logged on to the system
uptime : show date, load average, and # of users
uname –a : show current OS version and computer hostname
Network Statistics
Ifconfig : show IP address information
netstat –rn : show IP routing information
MORE COMMANDSdu: -estimate file space usage
Ex: $ du –sh [file/directory]
diff or cmp:
Diff: compare files line by line
Ex. $ diff [file1] [file2]
Tar: create archive of files also with compression
Create tar archive file
$ tar –cvf [archive.tar] [files or directory]
Extract tar achive file
$ tar –xvf [tar_file.tar]
You can compress using the –z option and syntax as follows
$ tar –czvf [archive.tar.gz] [files and or directory]
Wget: network downloader
- Extract files from http links directly to your current working directory
- $ wget [options] [URL]
CREATE & EDITING TEXT FILES
NANO ( simple cmd text editor)
Nano <file>
VIM (command line text editor)
vim <edit file name or new file create>
EMACS
GUI(Graphical) text editor
Located in Applications -> Accessories -> EMACS
FILE PERMISSIONS
drwxrwxrwx
First character:
d = directory (blue)
l = symbolic link (cyan)
‘-’ = a file (white)
rwx permissions:
R = read
W = write
X = execute
First set: owner
Second set: group
Third set: everyone
REMOTE ACCESS
SSH – Secure Shell client
• A program used for “shell” access to a remote system.
• Login using UNIX/Linux terminal (shell), or through “PUTTY”
• Use ECC UNIX account info to login
• PUTTY (for Windows Users)• Free application • Allows shell logins from a windows desktop
REMOTE ACCESS (CONT)
SSH from PUTTY:
• Open PUTTY app from Windows
• Type the hostname or IP of destination
• Port is always 22
• Enter ECC-UNIX user ID, and password
• If successful, user command prompt will be shown
SSH from another terminal (shell):
Type command: ssh <username>@<hostname>
USING X WINDOW IN PUTTY
There are two methods for creating a graphic window display for an application using the PUTTY command line program on Windows, in conjuction with X-Win 32 (license required) or Xming (free).
X-win 32:
Start up x-win32 program, DO NOT login to server using the appliction. Instead,
Start the PUTTY app (start -> all programs -> PUTTY)
In “Connection” tab, click the ‘+’ for SSH, click on “X11”, click box for “Enable X11 forwarding”
In dropdown box “Session”, type the hostname of the server you wish to connect to. Click “open”
Run application of your choice (matlab,comsol,gedit,etc.)
XMING
Free X-server application for windows
Website: http://www.straightrunning.com/XmingNotes/
“Public Domain Releases”
Download both “Xming” and “Xming-fonts”, install both apps.
Run Xming, runs in the background. No initial setup is required.
While Xming is running, start PUTTY session in X11 enabled mode ( previous slide)
FILE TRANSFER
WinSCP:
• Transfer files from Windows to
Linux and vice versa
• Download WinSCP from
“software download” section on
Access UH
• Login:
• Open WinSCP program• Enter user credentials, click login
SECURTIY & ECC POLICIES
ECC website
http://ecc.egr.uh.edu/engineering-computing-center-policies
ECC Usage Policy
http://ecc.egr.uh.edu/sites/ecc.egr.uh.edu/files/files/cce_policy_computing.pdf
SECURITY
DO NOT, give anyone your password
DO NOT, let anyone use your ECC-UNIX account
Always properly logout of once you are finished with a session
Remember, all activity on our Linux servers is being tracked and logged, including command history.
Report any suspicious activity the following ECC IT administration below.
Kiet Luong Manjunatha Shenoy Zain Marvi
Engineering IT Director / Systems Administrator 2 Systems Administrator 1
Information Security Officer Email:[email protected] Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
SECURITY/PIRACY• DO NOT bring personal routers or switches and plug them into campus
network wall ports.
• If a faculty member wants to connect routers or switches into network, notify the ECC IT administration BEFORE plugging anything onto our network.
• DO NOT bring personal desktops and plug into the campus network. Only laptops and tablets are allowed, which should only be using the UH wireless network. Desktops with wireless PCI or USB adapters are NOT permitted.
• DO NOT download and install any pirated or unlicensed software and or multimedia contents onto UH owned computers. This is against UH policy
• DO NOT use the UH network to conduct any illegal activity and or piracy.
• http://www.uh.edu/af/universityservices/policies/mapp/10mappit.htm
HELP REQUEST
For help with your ECC-UNIX account profiles and or any issues related to our engineering Linux servers, please make requests to [email protected]
Undergrad and or Graduate Students -
If a change is needed on a faculty research server or computer. Please send an email to your faculty advisor/professor for approval. Always ask the faculty advisor to make technical request instead of going directly to the IT administration.
Please follow this procedure so that your change request may be processed without delay.
WIFI TROUBLESHOOTING• If there are WIFI problems with your laptop or other
devices, please run the UH network test from your own devices connected to UH wireless network by going to:
http://www.uh.edu/network-test/#0