Download - Eco-Factor design method
Eco-Factor design method
4th Annex 44 Forum / TORINO / 29 march 2006
Åsa Wahlström SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute
Henrik Brohus
Aalborg University
The performance of the building – a question of system
Åsa Wahlström
Adequate Indoor climate(gain)
Effective energy use (cost)
Outdoor environmental impact
Difficult to overview the impact of the environment
Åsa Wahlström
Use of electricity, heating and cooling
Gain in indoor climate
Overall thermal balance
Warm or cold floors
Radiant temperature asymmetry
Local discomfort
Vertical temperature gradient
Draught
IAQCO2CO NOx
ParticlesSOx
N2O
NH3 CH4
NMVOC
Objective -to develop a method that assists in interpretation and evaluation of the
performance of different system solutions
Åsa Wahlström
Client
Architect Builder
Interdisplinary development of a new simple tool
Åsa Wahlström
Intelligently DesignedEnergy Efficient Buildings
Eco-factor for indoor climate
Åsa Wahlström
IAQThermal comfort
–Overall thermal comfort–Local thermal comfort
• Draught• Air temperature gradient • Radiant temperature asymmetry• Warm/cold floors
Score-function for indoor climate
Åsa Wahlström
100% Eco-factor –Minimum percentages dissatisfied (ISO 7730)
50% Eco-factor–Medium level of expectations (CR 1752, Case B)
IAQ
0102030405060708090
100
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
PD %
sco
re %
Eco-factor for energy use
Åsa Wahlström
Energy use for each energy source Emissions from each energy source
Impact: Established environmental assessment methods (EPS, Eco-indicator 99 etc.)
A
Qindexe
I
n
ii
n
jjj
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Score-function for energy use
Åsa Wahlström
100% Eco-factor - No emissions
25% Eco-factor
- Emissions from an average European office
%25
75100
I
IE
Eco-factor for visualization of performance
Åsa Wahlström
Energy Simulation tools
Indoor climateSimulation tools
Energy Eco-factor
Indoor ClimateEco-factor
TotalEco-factor
Eco-factor Concept
Input dataCondition
dataEnergy
Simulation tools
Indoor climateSimulation tools
Energy Eco-factor
Indoor ClimateEco-factor
TotalEco-factor
Eco-factor Concept
Input dataEnergy
Simulation tools
Indoor climateSimulation tools
Energy Eco-factor
Indoor ClimateEco-factor
TotalEco-factor
Eco-factor Concept
Input dataInput data
Condition data
Input, Eco-factor Tool, 1
Åsa Wahlström
Indoor Climate Indicator 3
Overall thermal balance 6.3 PPDLocal discomfort 4
Draught Rating 7.1 DRRadiant Temperature asymmetry 0 PDVertical Temperature gradient 1 PDWarm or cold floors PD
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) 14 PD
Input, Eco-factor Tool, 2
Åsa Wahlström
Energy Use Energy sources 8 Sources, if mix:Annual energy use Electricity (from grid) 80 %(kWh/m2 treated floor area) 20 %Heating/combustion* 98 %Electricity from grid
HVAC systems* 1.7 heating 9 %Lighting* 32 %Appliances 32 1 %
(* = compulsary)
Natural gas
mix of:
EU ave. 2001
Eco-labelled
Output, Eco-factor Tool, 1
Åsa Wahlström
Eco-factor = 70 %
Energy min Indoor
max
38
1218
32
Output, Eco-factor Tool, 2
Åsa Wahlström
Improvement Potential
Appliances:Lighting:
HVAC systems:Heating/combustion:
Indoor Air Quality:Thermal comfort5:
% of total Eco-factor
0 5 10 15
38
1218
32
Example B&O headquarter
Åsa Wahlström
Improvement Potential
Appliances:Lighting:
HVAC systems:Heating/combustion:
Indoor Air Quality:Thermal comfort5:
% of total Eco-factor
0 5 10 15
38
1218
32
Eco-factor = 70 %
Energy min Indoor
max
38
1218
32
We find the ”missing” points in the IP
Alternative Energy Source
Åsa Wahlström
heating 9
Biofuel
Eco-factor = 79 % Improvement Potential
Energy min IndoorAppliances:
Lighting:HVAC systems:
Heating/combustion:Indoor Air Quality:Thermal comfort5:
max % of total Eco-factor
0 5 10 15
38
129
41
( 9 %)
Conclusions
Åsa Wahlström
Spreadsheet based tool, Easily accessible in practise Both energy use and indoor climate Relatively quickly provide an visual presentation Easy to understand and communicate with one common scaleBased on physical indicators and evaluation methods that are already well-known and recognized in the building community
2634
20 12
Total Eco-factor = 60 %
EnergyIndoor climate
Conclusions
Åsa Wahlström
Supports an iterative procedure, useful for “integrated design”
Immediate feedback on design changes
Communication: experts vs. non-expertsRanking of solutionsEncourage a comprehensive view
2634
20 12
Total Eco-factor = 60 %Energy Indoor
climate