Effectiveness of SODIS in Rural and Urban Areas of Bangladesh
Supervised by Submitted by PROF. DR. MD. REZAUL KARIM Mostansir Billah NayeemProfessor Student no.095433Department of CEE J.M. Rakibul HasanIslamic University of Technology Student no.095407
What Is SODIS ?
SODIS is Simply Solar Disinfection System.This process is carried out by PET bottlesFilling with contaminated water. placing bottles in the full sun for at least 6 hours. The concentrated sunlight radiation and synergistic effect of thermal energy reduce the fecal contamination in water.
WHY SODIS About 20% of rural and 37% of
urban population living below the national poverty line. These people have limited access to clean drinking water.
Some 110,000 kids die of water borne diseases annually in BangladeshAs a developing country, we need more economic and effective process for disinfection of water especially for poor people.
The SODIS method is ideal for treating water for drinking in developing countries.
Our Study Purpose
The objective of this study is to test the inactivation of various parameters by solar disinfection. Parameters like Total Coliform (T.C)Fecal Coliform (F.C)Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC)
The Effectiveness is compared by undertaking the SODIS experiment
with variations
• Black surface, Foil Papers, Aluminum surface etc.
• Glass Bottles or pet bottles
• Standing and Lying
MethodologySampling
Bacteria Culture
Solar Radiation
Preparation of Media
Testing Method
Incubation
Counting
Documentation
Cross Checking
Sampling
Collection
Labeling
Exposure
Lab PrecautionsAll processes were carried out using aseptic technique, including the use of 70% ethanol to sterilize workspaces and hands.All glassware, est solutions, and medias were sterilized by autoclaving at 121°C .
BACTERIA CULTUREBacteria culture or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture media under controlled laboratory conditions. For our experiment we used
streak plate method. The process involves
spreading bacteria across an agar plate and allowing them to incubate at a certain temperature for a period of time.
Streak plate method of Culture
After incubation chose a discrete colony and picked it up with a loop, put it into falcon tube full of saline water, Dilute it and put same amount (100micro ltr) of diluted bacteria to each sample of pet bottle filled with normal saline.
Solar Radiation Measurement
The global solar radiation incident on an inclined surface was measured by using an Eppley Radiometer Pyranometer.
There is a probe with the Pyranometer which is placed at 23.5 degree angle with sun at the specific time of sampling.
Consecutively zero, 1st, 2nd , 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th ,7th hours of solar radiation data are collected.
Preparation of MediaName Amount of
Media Amount of Distilled Water
m Endo broth
48 gm 1000 ml
MFC 37 gm 1000 ml
Nutrient Agar
23 gm 1000 ml
Bacto Agar
15.6 gm 1000 ml
Preparation of Media
Mixing Agar or broth with distilled water.Heating the Solution.Pouring in Petri Dishes.
Testing Method
Filter
Droplet
Diluted Droplet
Incubation we kept them in the
incubator in different temperature for different media for 24 hours.
HPC, mEndo and TC are kept at 35-37 degree Celsius temperature.
FC is kept at 44 degree Celsius
Counting Name Identification
Color
Fc Blackish Blue
Tc Blackish Blue
E.Coli Golden Metallic Sheen
HPC white
Documentation And Result AnalysisExperimental Data Compiled in Excel Sheet
Date: 5.9.13 Cultured BacteriaContainer Pet Bottle
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
22602100
17801880
17401630 1590 1660
18501690
15501690
13001210
1110 1030
560 580 520 440320 340 270
90
13601250 1290
1200
950
730 710 650
Parameters vs Time
TC(Total Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)Escherichia Coliformx10^3 (c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)
Effect of Solar Radiation on different Parameters
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
430510 490
430 410 450 405 365
Parameters and Solar Radiation
TC(Total Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)Escherichia Coliformx10^3 (c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)Solar Radiation (w/m^2)
Hourly Variation of Temperature and Solar Radiation
10.40 am
11.40 am
12.40 am
1.40 pm
2.40 pm
3.40 pm
4.40 pm
5.40 pm
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
4138
36 36
32
43
39
35
Temperature
Temperature
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Solar Radiation (w/m^2)
Solar Radiation (w/m^2)
Hourly Percentage reduction of Different Parameters
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
% Reduction TC
Axis Title
Axis Title
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
% Reduction FC
Axis Title
Axis Title
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th-10
01020304050607080
% Reduction E.Coli
Axis Title
Axis Title
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
% Reduction HPC
Axis Title
Axis Title
Date: 5.10.13 Cultured BacteriaContainer : Pet Bottle
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
22002304
1580
11131008
852 811 768
12061092
938771 779
697600 538
988920
658560
490 498
311
112
710600 570 510
440 480320 380
TC(Total Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)Escherichia Coliformx10^3 (c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
18001670
15901510
1113 1146
852 846 798
1109988 937
870 885777
698 678
320 280220 200 200 220 170
110
926831
710632 599 615
513 469
Parameter vs time
TC(Total Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)Escherichia Coliformx10^3 (c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)
Date : 9.9.13Bacteria CultureContainer : Pet Bottle.
Comparing the effectiveness by undertaking the SODIS experiment with variations
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
12401160
1120 1090
850
520
260
160
940 960
750
550
420 490
260
80
655 630
512 480
325
215 189 141
TC(Total Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)
Date : 24.6.13Source of water: IUT Pond + PSFContainer : Foil backing.
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1160
1620
1080990
850900
840780
1040
102
980
780690 650 690
580
755690
612512 475
315229 189
TC(Total Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)
Date : 24.6.13Source of water: IUT Pond + PSFContainer : Glass Bottle.
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1120
1390
1260
850
660
520
260360
840
960
660
550
420350
260160
605550 532
436335
222 189 199
TC(Total Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)
Date : 24.6.13Source of water: IUT Pond + PSFContainer : Pet Bottle.
Comparing The Effectiveness of Bacteria Reduction among Glass, Pet and Foil backing surface bottle
FOIL BACKING SURFACE BOTTLE PET BOTTLE GLASS BOTTLE0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
Reduction
Axis Title
Discussion
Irregularity in the Graph
• In The Graph in some position we have seen some irregularities.In the Graph amount of total coliform in 2nd hour suddenly Increases.
• There can be possible two reason of this phenomena
1. Contaminated 2nd hour bottle.2. Regrowth of Total Coliform.
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1160
1620
1080990
850 900840
780
TC(Total Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)
TC(Total Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)
Conclusion
• So From All our Experiment We Can Conclude that #SODIS is applicable in our Atmosphere. As we have seen significant reduction of bacteria. #PET bottle with Foil Backing surface may be the best among variations #SODIS is cheaper and Helpful for the Poor people.
References
1. "Household water treatment and safe storage". World Health Organization. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
2. United Nations Development Programme (1999). Human Development Report 1999. New York: Oxford University Press.
3. Madigan, Michael T. (2012). Brock biology of microorganisms (13th ed ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.
THANK YOU ALL!