Introduction to
Information Technology
Email: [email protected]: masoodahmed.iiheURL: www.emasood.yolasite.com
Course Assessment
Quiz’s and Assignment’s 10%
Presentation 15%
Mid Term 25%
Final Exam 50%
Total = 100%
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Lecture # 1
Introducing Computer Systems
Information Technology
The branch of Engineering that deals with the use of Computers and Telecommunications to retrieve, store and transmit information
Any computer based tool that people use to work with information & support the information & information processing needs of an organization
Information
Facts presented in a meaningful fashion.
Technology A set of tools that enables
us to work with information
Hardware•Input devices•Output devices•Telecommunication devices•Storage devices
Software•Application software e.g.MS-office S/W, media software, business software•System software e.g. operating system software, utility software
Personal ComputersWireless NetworksSatellitesCellular technologyvideoconferencingInternet
Information Technology
Technical definition:
“The capability to electronically input, process,
store, output, transmit, and receive data and
information, including text, graphics, sound,
and video, as well as the ability to control
machines of all kinds electronically.”
Information Technology
Technology
A set of tools that enables you to work more efficiently and effectively with information
Rationally speaking people and information are the most important resources within MIS, not Technology
Most of organizations need all three.
Understanding Your Computer
Data• The raw facts and
figures that are processed into information
Information• Data that has been summarized or
otherwise manipulated for use in decision making
The purpose of a computer is to process data into information.
What is Data?Definition-1:
“A collection of raw facts that describes a phenomenon” Examples
– Current temperature– Price of a movie rental– Your age etc.
Definition-2:“A message which source wants to communicate to the
receiver”
e.g Text, Voice, Image, movies, Music etc
What Is Information?
Definition:
It has the particular meaning within a specific context
Every surprising/new thing is information
Reduction of redundancy in data
• For example if you are trying to decide what to wear, the current temperature is information because it is logical help to your decision.
DataCollection of raw
unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols from various
sources
InformationData that is organized, meaningful, and useful
What are data and information?
Data Vs. Information
Information
Facts presented in a meaningful fashion.
Technology A set of tools that enables
us to work with information
Hardware•Input devices•Output devices•Telecommunication devices•Storage devices
Software•Application software e.g.MS-office S/W, media software, business software•System software e.g. operating system software, utility software
Personal ComputersWireless NetworksSatellitesCellular technologyvideoconferencingInternet
Information Technology
Technical definition:
“The capability to electronically input, process,
store, output, transmit, and receive data and
information, including text, graphics, sound,
and video, as well as the ability to control
machines of all kinds electronically.”
Dimension of Information
• PersonalTime:- Access to info when you need it and information that describes the time period you are considering
Location:- Access to information no matter where you are
Form:- Information in a form that is most usable and understandable and information that is free of errorse.g Audio, Text, Video, Animation, Graph, Defective products etc
Dimension of Information
• Organizational
Information Flows:- Up, Down, Horizontal, inward/outward
{(Strategies, goals, directives), (Current State of the Organization), (Relation b/w Functional unites and work teams), (Customers, Suppliers, Partners)}
What Information Describes:-
Internal (specific operational aspects)External (Surrounding environment)Objective (Something known)Subjective (Something unknown)
Benefits of IT
Benefits of IT
Speed• Computers can perform complex calculations,
recall stored information, transmit information from one location to another in a split of a second.
Consistency• A computer can perform a task the same way
every time.
Benefits of IT
Precision• Computers can detect minute differences that
people can not see.• In automobile manufacturing embedded
computer system helps precise placement of a part.
Reliability • Reliability comes with speed, consistency and
precision
What is a System?
• A system is…– A set of interrelated components– With a clearly defined boundary– Working together– To achieve a common set of objectives– By accepting inputs and producing outputs– In an organized transformation process
Basic Functions of a System
• Input– Capturing and assembling elements that enter the
system to be processed• Processing
– Transformation process that converts input into output
• Output– Transferring transformed elements to their
ultimate destination
What is an Information System?
• An organized combination of…– People– Hardware and software– Communication networks– Data resources– Policies and procedures
• This system…– Stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates
information in an organization
What is an Information System?
• A system that collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information.
CollectInputs
ProcessAnd
Transform
ProduceOutputs
Store
Data
Instructions
Calculations
Reports
IS---Examples
• Online bill payment system at a bank
• A support website of a product
• Computer system used to process orders for a business
Management Information System (MIS)
Technical definition:
“MIS deals with the planning for,
development, management, and use of
information technology tools to help people
perform all tasks related to information
processing and management.”
What Makes Information Useful?
• It is accurate– Free of errors
• It is complete– Includes everything needed
• It is flexible– Can be viewed in various
ways• It is reliable
– Results are always consistent
• It is relevant– Applies to the issue under
study• It is timely
– Available when needed• It is verifiable
– Basis for results can be traced
• It is accessible– All those who need the
information can get to it• It is secure
– Free from contamination (accidental or deliberate)
What Should Business Professionals Know?
Measuring IT Success
• Efficiency– Minimize cost, time, and use of information
resources
• Effectiveness– Support business strategies– Enable business processes– Enhance organizational structure and culture– Increase customer and business value
Developing IS Solutions
Components of an IS
Where Computers Are Used:Education
• Teaching and testing aid
• Learning by doing
• Computer-based instruction
Where Computers Are Used:Retailing
• Bar codes for pricing and inventory
• Shipping
Where Computers Are Used:Energy
• Locate oil, coal, natural gas, and uranium• Monitor the power network• Meter reading
Where Computers Are Used:Agriculture
• Billing
• Crop information
• Feed combinations
• Livestock breeding and performance
Where Computers Are Used:Health and Medicine
• Monitor patients
• Electronic imaging
• Diagnose illnesses
• Tele-health
Where Computers Are Used:Robotics
• Perform jobs that are dangerous for humans
• Factory work
IT In Support of Business
Credit Card, Debit Card, ATM Card
Bar Code Security Access
E-commerce
On-Line Conferences
IT In Support of Business
Operational Excellence
Within the context of efficiency Doing things right In the least amount of time At the least expense With the fewest numbers of errors Optimizing the use of resources
Thank You