Download - Emergency management in laboratories
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Emergency Management
Dr Varsha Shahane
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Objectives
• List of emergencies and disasters that could affect the clinical laboratory
• Identification of elements of an emergency management plan
• Implementation of emergency management plan
• Evaluation of the plan for regulatory compliance
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Introduction
• ‘Disaster’ = calamity, occurring suddenly and usually on a larger scale. eg: great loss of life, flood, airplane crash, business failure etc....
• Emergency = unexpected situation / sudden occurrence of a serious and urgent nature that demands immediate attention
• An emergency, if not attended to immediately, can result in a disaster ! .....and......
• A disaster if not prevented can lead to emergency situations !
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• External emergencies : tornadoes, hurricanes, snowstorms, sandstorms, landslides, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, warfare, terrorism, transport accidents
• Internal emergencies : hazard spills, fires, bomb threats, personnel shortage, reagent shortage
LABORATORY UNABLE TO PROVIDE TEST
RESULTS OR SERVICES
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← NATURAL EMERGENCIES
LABORATORY EMERGENCIES →
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• Programs or plans that respond to these situations are called ‘emergency preparedness’, ‘emergency management’ or ‘disaster plan’
• Emergency management plan (EMP) is a part of the strategy of the health care organisation and also may be a part of the regional or national EMP
• Main objective of EMP – to prevent interruption or cessation of laboratory services, when an emergency or disaster occurs → appropriate planning and preparation
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• EMP – it has to be documented contains all the information required by
employees to respond appropriately to any emergency.
It serves as a guide that enables individuals to use ‘good judgement’ or ‘common sense’
ACT accordingly in the given situation
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Features of EMP
• Written comprehensive document that defines the scope and goals of the program
• Lists the responsible individuals• It should address both internal and external
disasters in such a way that the facility can respond to multiple scenarios
• It should document incidents• It should document training of staff
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Contents of EMP
• The basic EMP should contain the following sections –
Purpose or policy Hazard analysis Program responsibilities Incident management system
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(i) Purpose / Policy
• It states the need for a response plan that deals with the natural or human caused events that may disrupt normal operations
• It also assumes the responsibility to provide services to patients through effective utilisation of limited resources and to assist any injured individuals
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(ii) Hazard analysis
• Laboratory personnel must prepare a risk assessment for the occurrence of both internal and external emergencies
• The risk assessment should be able to define the direct and the indirect impact on the facility
• It should be able to reduce the risk or diminish the damage resulting from the emergency.
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(iii) Program responsibilities
• Should define the specific and general responsibilities of each individual in the laboratory
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(iv) Incident management system
• It is used to manage emergency and disaster events through a flexible response regardless of when and where the event occurs
• Bureaucracy ...X Hierarchy ......X Every employee is expected to be the leader in
order to protect life and property in the face of an emergency.
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He/she should carry out ALL responsibilities of the lab.
• Patient, visitor, employee safety• Report the incident to the proper authorities• Use proper procedures as outlined in the plan
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EMP - 4 phases
• Identification of the emergency• Containment – limit the impact• Response – assist victims, confine the physical
damage• Recovery – restore organization’s normal
operation
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A good quality EMP is
• complete and concise• Effective• Well written and easy to execute• Well known to all the lab staff – its location,
one’s role in executing it• Possible disaster scenarios should be covered
in the plan ( tsunami or earthquakes in Japan, sandstorm in KSA, terrorism in India)
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• SAFETY – of all employees, patients, visitors, individuals with special needs
• Alternative sources of utilities ( fire extinguisher, alarm system, emergency exits, life saving jacket ), communications ( call police, fire brigade, hospital emergency services, swimming experts etc)
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• Alternative roles and responsibilities of personnel during emergency ( some act as drivers, some may give first aid, some may man the traffic during traffic jams occurring in an event of road traffic accident etc)
• Emotional response – very important !
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Eg : EMP in a lab
• Q 1. Are there sufficient instruments to perform the test/ tests ? Especially the critical instruments and those which run on emergency power.
• Q 2. Are there sufficient supplies and reagents to perform the tests ? supply chain, alternate sources of materials, inventories
• Q 3. Are there sufficient personnel to perform the testing ? transport system, emergency call back list
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• Q 4. Is the test menu sufficient to provide requested services ?
• Q 5. If the lab is closed or cannot carry out the tests .....!! Which is the alternative lab?
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Elements of emergency planning
• Identify the potential disasters and how the lab should respond to them –
Identify the authorities to be notified Identify critical positions and assign individuals Identify critical space and supplies Prepare security measures Develop criteria for evacuation
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• Define level of service and impact on patient care
Ensure normal and full operations Prioritize the situationPrepare minimal test menu for the
emergencies
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• Develop communication plan Identify critical health care staff Identify critical laboratory staff Identify critical supplies
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• Alternative operations Identify alternative site of operationsIdentify alternative laboratory for service workPrepare alternative scheduling or staffing
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• Mock Drills Assess performance of emergency plan Modify plan to correct deficiencies
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Success of EMP plan depends on :
• Detailed flow charts available for events and the actions to be taken
• Prompt and appropriate level of lab services made available
• Availability of intensive care units (ICU) and emergency rooms (ER)
• Effective and updated communication • Alternative health service providers identified• Mock drills
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• External emergencies ( RTA, earthquakes, hazardous spills, terrorism)- increase in number of patients and shortage of staff, relocation of patients and services, utilities and supplies disrupted, decontamination procedures to be intensified, public health authority notification
• Internal emergencies ( shortage ofsupplies, personnel, strikes, computer issues- crash, hacking etc) –services disrupted, data loss, manual work increased, assistance from other lab.
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EMP – get set go.......
EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTER ( EOC) checklist, level of service, assume
responsibilities ↓ COMMUNICATIONS - cell, telephone, fax,
mail, radios, bell code. Contact person in charge, alternative in charge, conduct meeting, press conference, avoid rumours
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MEDICAL TREATMENT ACCESS – availability of ERs and ICUs
↓ DAMAGE ASSESSMENT – evacuation required?
Life safety ? Structural problems? Environmental status?
↓ PERSONNEL POOL – availability and relocation ↓ LOCATOR SYSTEM – track location of employees,
patients and visitors ↓ SECURITY......
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SECURITY – relief operations, restricts ↓ access to lab
TRAINING – responsibilities, roles, communication system, supply systems and mock drills
↓ MONITORING AND EVALUATION –
documentation of deficiences and their correction
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DISASTERS !!
• Fire – RACE rescue, alarm, confine, evacuate• Hazardous material – RACE• Radioactive material – strict regulations,
trained personnel, policies• Utility failure – alternative services, relocation• Water• Electricity – power back up
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• Bomb threats – security tightened, police, evacuation, good communication system
• Natural disasters –immediate survey of trapped people, damaged equipment, hazardous events, evacuation operations
TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Beware and be prepared !