Presented toRenewable Energy Class

February 10, 2011

By

Tom Molinski, P.Eng. EOEEmerging Energy Systems

Emerging Energy Technologiesfor Manitoba

What are Emerging Energy Technologies

• Small Thermal

• H2 and FC

• Energy Storage

• Engines

• PHEV & EV

Includes:

• Wind

• Small Hydro

• Bioenergy

• Solar

• Geothermal

Not Conventional Energy Systems

Wind Power in Manitoba•St. Leon, MB

• Constructed in 2006

• 63 Wind Turbines

• Power to 40,000 homes

•St. Joseph, MB

• Under Construction

• 60 Wind Turbines

• Power to 50,000 homes

Lightning Strikes on Wind Turbines

• Approx. 400,000 to 700,000 strikes in Manitoba annually

• Increase of strikes on wind turbines due to height

• Lightning may puncture and penetrate blade

• Energy discharge causes severe damage

• 20-30 faults / 100 turbines / year

Cowboy Wisdom

“Everybody gets so much information all day long that they lose their common sense”

...Gertrude Stein

Wind Technology Developments

RECHARGE, Issue 14, April 17, 2009

Kinetic Turbine Research Project Partners• Manitoba Hydro

• University of Manitoba• New Energy

• UEK

• Manitoba HVDC Research Center

Purpose• Test reliability, efficiency and deployment

• Winter testing • Cost

• R&D Stage

• Presently uneconomic in MB

New Energy Pontoon Boat at Pointe du Bois

Bio-EnergyCombustion

• Direct

• Co-fired

Thermochemical

• Pyrolysis

• Gasification

Biochemical

• Anaerobic Digestion

• Landfill Gas

• Ethanol Fermentation

Canadian Solar Atlas

Source: Natural Resources Canada

BIPV - Red River College

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Solar Comparison

Solar Thermal PV

Peak Power (Watts/m2) 700 150

Efficiency (solar energy/captured energy)

70% 15%

Installed Cost per W $ 2 to $ 5 $ 7 to $ 10

Simple Payback 40 years 130 years

Life 25 years 25 – 30 years* Payback assumes solar thermal would replace natural gas

Space Solar Power

Solar Tower

Beware of Solar Power!

Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)

Manitoba Heat Flow Map

Preliminary Results

• 90°C - 100°C @ 3 to 4 km depths

• Sufficient temperature for district heating and possible electrical generation

Thermal to Electric Conversion

• Small Steam

• Organic Rankine

• Brayton

• Entropic

• Batteries

• Fuel Cells

• Capacitors

• Flywheels

• Compressed Air

• Pumped Hydro

• Thermal Storage

• Super Conducting Coils

Energy Storage

ENGINES

PHEV Research Project• Approved June 29, 2005

• Purchased 2005 Toyota Prius Hybrid

• Modify for plug-in capability- 30 mile net electric range

• Operate and collect data for one year

• Goals- Operation and reliability

- Cold weather capability

- Effects of PHEVs on the MH system

- Feasibility of off-peak charging

- Promote technology and increase public awareness

• Converted in Monrovia, Calif. August 14, 2006

• 2nd conversion: U of M, April 10, 2007

Cowboy Wisdom

•“If I’d asked my customers what they wanted, they’d have said a faster horse”

Henry Ford

Why Is MH Interested in Emerging Energy Technologies

• Prepares MH to adopt new technologies• 5000 MW undev hydro last till 2050

• Niche applications• Kinetic Turbines

• Increasing TBL advantages

• Stakeholder interest

What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge in Energy Use?

• Over reliance on fossil fuels

• High cost of energy to consumers

• Environmental cost of producing energy

• Environmental cost of consuming energy

• Running out of oil and natural gas

• Not sure

What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge in Energy Use?

• Over reliance on fossil fuels

• High cost of energy to consumers

• Environmental cost of producing energy

• Environmental cost of consuming energy

• Running out of oil and natural gas

• Not sure

What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge in Energy Use?

Which Renewable (excluding hydro) Generates the Most Electricity in

Canada?

•Wind

•Solar

•Geothermal

•Biomass

•Not sure

Which Renewable Generates the Most Electricity in Canada?

What is Driving Emerging Energy

• Climate change

• Reduce pollution

• Energy security

• Non-renewable sources

are limited

• Technological advances

• Subsidies, etc

Get me outta here!

Oil Discovery vs Consumption

Past discovery by ExxonMobil

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Bil

lio

n B

arr

els

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Past Discovery

Future Discovery

Production

2% Growth

2% Depletion

?

Source: Past data from ExxonMobil, US data from DOE

USA consumption

This surplus fills the

gap

Consumption

Cowboy Wisdom

“When gasoline hits $10/litre, I’ll keep my car and buy a loyal horse to pull it six days a week.

On the 7th day, I’ll switch back to gasoline and the horse can take a break and ride with me”..

Not Just For Transportation

Not Just For Transportation

What is Driving Emerging Energy

• Climate change

• Reduce pollution

• Energy security

• Non-renewable sources

are limited

• Technological advances

• Subsidies, etc

What is Driving Emerging Energy

• Climate change

• Reduce pollution

• Energy security

• Non-renewable sources

are limited

• Technological advances

• Subsidies, etc

Barriers to Emerging Energy

• Higher costs than conventional

• GHG Credits and REC too low

• Infrastructure barriers

• Lack of familiarity with equipment

• Intermittent sources need energy storage

• BANANA

Barriers to Emerging Energy

• Higher costs than conventional

• GHG Credits and REC too low

• Infrastructure barriers

• Lack of familiarity with equipment

• Intermittent sources need energy storage

• BANANA

Energy Consumption in Manitoba

Source: Energy in Manitoba, Manitoba Government

Refined Petroleum Products 38%Biomass

& Wind 2%

Hydro-Power 26%

Coal & NGL 2% Natural Gas

32%

Renewable Energy Production

Conclusions• No current threat to hydro

– Wind and bioenergy are close– Solar catching up– TBL, subsidies, & policies will help– Niche applications now– Large hydro supply all load till 2050

• Need MH & Provincial energy use strategy– Reduce fossil fuel use by expanding hydro et al– Consider electrified transportation, district energy, etc

Conclusions• No current threat to hydro

– Wind and bioenergy are close– Solar catching up– TBL, subsidies, & policies will help– Niche applications now– Large hydro supply all load till 2050

• Need MH & Provincial energy use strategy– Reduce fossil fuel use by expanding hydro et al– Consider electrified transportation, district energy, etc

Cowboy Wisdom

"It is better to keep your mouth shut and appear stupid than to open it and remove all doubt.”

…Mark Twain

Questions?