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Energy Conservation through Human Behaviour Change

Nimal PereraPast President / Director

Sri Lanka Energy Managers Association (SLEMA)Consultant

Energy, Environment, Climate change and sustainable Productivity

SAARK Workshop on“Techniques on Energy Conservation and Efficiency in Buildings”

Hotel Heritance Kandalama, Dambulla, Sri Lanka26 - 28 August 2019

Behaviors and behavioral science• Behaviours

• Way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards surrounding environment.

• Way in which an animal or person behaves in response to a particular situation or stimulus or environmental situation

• Way in which a machine or natural phenomenon works or functions• Ex. Natural / Environmental behaviours

• Behavioral science• The scientific study on behaviours of living beings including human and

animal

• Include psychology, psychobiology, anthropology, and cognitive science.

• Generally, behavior science deals primarily with human action and often seeks to generalize about human behavior as it relates to society

C

C

C

C

C

Sugar / Glucose Solar energy converted to

chemical energy

Starch

CelluloseLigno-cellulose

Sun, Bio photocells andEnergy storages

O C O

Types of human behaviours• Conscious

• State of awareness of thoughts, feelings, perception and what is happening in the environment

• Unconscious• Opposite of conscious / without aware or conscious

• Overt• open to public observation

• Covert• Unseen objects such as thoughts, feelings or responses which are easily not seen

• Rational• Pertaining to reason, influenced or guided by reason rather than emotion

• Irrational• Illogical

• Voluntary• Doing something against your will, action made without intent of carried out despite an attempt

to prevent them

• Simple• Living with minimal satisfaction Ex; what you see is what you get

• Complex• Compound complicated behaviours. Ex; Drug addicted

Conservation• Prevention of wasteful use of a resource

• The principle by which the total value of a physical quantity or parameter of a particular resource remains constant in a system which is not subject to external influence but will have a usefulness of particular this resource through a socio – economical perspective

• Energy conservation with • Consciously,

• Overtly,

• Rationally,

• Voluntarily

• Simple

Daily national electricity demand / load curvewith behavioral patterns

Behavioral change and Electricity Demand Profile change

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2014 2013 2012 2010 2007 2005 2003 2000

Energy conservation

Energy waste

BehavioursHuman

Sustainability Unsustainability

Constructive Destructive

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MilestonePer capita daily energy consumption (Thousand kilo Calories)

Preparing food Agriculture Industries Transport Total

Information Age – 245 * 103 Kilo Calories

Early Human – Homo erectus (~ million years before) 2 2

Hunting Human (100 thousand years before) 3 2 5

Early agricultural age Human (around 5000 BC) 4 4 4 12

Agricultural Industrialist (around 1400 AD) 6 12 7 1 26

Industrialist (from 1875 AD) 7 32 24 14 77

Modern Man (from 1970 AD) 10 66 91 63 230

Global human energy consumption

Source: Arstechnica.com

Human population?

Decade % increase in Energy Vs. Human Population Change

Source: Our finite world

Global per capita Energy consumption Vs. CO2

Source: Our finite world

Strong need in human behavioral change in human energy consumption patterns

World Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by sector or source - 2014

Electricity & Heat

Production49%

Transport20%

Manufacturing & construction

20%

Residential buildings &

Commercial / public services

9%

Other sectors2%

Increasing Challenge of climate change

Warming planet

Need for a sustainable lifestyle• Sustainable living is

fundamentally the application of sustainability to lifestyle choice and decisions

• Living with balanced triple-bottom-lines

• Meeting present ecological, societal, and economical needs without compromising same factors for future generations

SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE

“through energy perspective”▪ Dimensions

28

!

Appliances, materials, services etc. that use energy efficiently

Systems that cansupport the achievementof energy efficiency goals

Personal values, attitudes and practices of individuals that impact on energy use


▪ Key behaviours for a sustainable lifestyle

❑ Greening the home (retrofitting)

❑ Lifecycle perspective

❑ Using energy (and other utilities) wisely

❑ Extending the life of things (to minimize waste)

❑ Managing cooking and a sustainable & healthier diet

❑ Choosing eco-products & services

❑ Travelling sustainably

❑ Setting up & using resources in the community

❑ Using & futureproofing outdoor spaces

❑ Being part of improving the environment

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▪ Decisive Choices

❑ Example: Choice of food

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Energy required to produce 1kg

Corn

Milk

Apples

Eggs

Chicken

Cheese

Beef

Pork

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80




31

Liters of water required to produce 1kg

Food TypeLC Water requirement

(liters/kg)

Potatoes 500

Wheat 900

Sorghum 1100

Maize 1400

Rice 1900

Soya beans 2000

Chicken 3500

Beef 50,000




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Per Capita Meat Consumption vs GNI/capita/yr

America

England

Brazil

China

India

0 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

140

120

100

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0

20

GNI/capita/yr

Meat

co

nsu

mp

tio

n/c

ap

ita/y

r More

development

More meat !

Why not

this?

Less meat, Less Emissions!!



❑ Example: Choice of energy

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Carbon Intensity of Energy Sources

LC GHG Emissions (tCO2e/GWh)

En

erg

y R

eso

urc

e

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

ÄGn û T

g L a ³ r #

@wL

Sv `X ì̀ k v `ý v

å Ry @k ~;

ù w`py

» v \ Kñ y

pr m̀È k b l y

j l ì ÚÄy

ä l A

h Ýw`g r̀ v `ý ì @m~c n y [tCO2e/GWh]

w`K

;z

y

Wind

Hydro

Nuclear

Bioenergy

Geo-thermal

Solar PV

Coal

Oil

Lignite

NG

Fossils

Renewables



❑ Example: Choice of water resource

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Energy requirement for water supply

Lake or river: 0.37 kWh/m3

Ground Water: 0.48 kWh/m3

Wastewater treatment: 0.62 – 0.87 kWh/m3

Seawater: 2.85 – 8.50 kWh/m3

Wastewater reuse: 1.0 – 2.5 kWh/m3



❑ Example: Choice of Transport

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Energy requirement for passenger transportation

0.05 liter/passenger km



0 liter/passenger km




❑ Example: Choice of Appliances

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100 W 20 W 15 W

0 W

0 W


▪ KPI

❑ HH Energy Modesty Index

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0

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100ES1

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HH2

Energy Services

ES1: Lighting

ES2: Refrigeration

ES3: Ironing

ES4: Cloth Washing

ES5: Food preparation

ES6: Cooking

ES7: Rice cooker / Oven / Microwave

ES8: Water Heating / boiling

ES9: Water pump

ES10: Ventilation and Air Conditioning

ES11: Mobile Charger / CDMA

ES12: Computer

ES13: TV

ES14: Cassette Recorder / Radio / DVD

ES15: Other equipment / Services

Need beyond triple bottom approach for human Behaviour change

Conscience

End of presentation

Download - Energy Conservation through Human Behavior Change...Sep 02, 2019 · Commercial / public services 9% Other sectors 2%. Increasing Challenge of climate change. ... ES3 ES4 ES5 ES6

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