-
Energy EfficiencyThe Essential, But Largely Missing, Element!
By
Trevor BerrillSustainable Energy Systems Consultant
www.trevolution.com.au
http://www.trevolution.com.au/
-
Product Life Cycle
• Energy and material trail of a product
• (Source: AGO)
• Embodied Energy
• Operational Energy
• Average House
Embodied = 1000GJ
= 15 yrs Operation
(Source: www.yourhome.gov.au)
-
How do we improve our Effic. of Energy Use?
• Managing • Behaviour
• Shift loads
• More Efficient Technology
• Swap Fuel Source
Lighting
• Switch off
• Movement Sensors
• Halogen > LED 5-10x
• Upgrade to 6 Star Fridge
• Switch to Renewables
-
Benefits of Energy Efficiency
Society• Lower emissions• Lower costs
• Elect. Network upgrades • Deferred Generation Capacity• Mine pollution & rehabilitation
End-user• Lower operating cost• Reduce size and cost of solar PV• Fast return on investment
-
Solar PV & Peak Power Reduction – Energex Network
• Peak driven by Air Con.
• Solar PV reduced peak by 300 to 500MW
-
Power vs Time of Day
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Po
wer
(kW
)
Café Consumption – 94kwh/day
Average Hourly Demand (kW)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Po
wer
(kW
)
Home Consumption - 18kWh/day
Average Hourly Demand (kW)
Domestic Load Profile vs Commercial Load Profile
Domestic – Peaks 7am and 7pm
Commercial – Peaks depend on operational practices
Area under curve = daily energy (kWh)
-
Energy Use in Homes and Businesses
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
Break-down of Electricity Use in CAFÉ – 94 kWh/day
Percent(%)
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
Break-down of Electricity Use in Office – 35 kWh/day
Percent(%)
Source: http://www.energyrating.gov.au/products/space-heating-and-cooling
http://www.energyrating.gov.au/products/space-heating-and-cooling
-
Energy Audit
• Traces historical consumption
• Requires good metering
• Identifies • Building envelope – heat
loss/gain/infiltration
• Appliance –age/consumption/contribution peak demand
• Efficiency improvements
• Management improvements
• Cost Savings and ROI
Options
1. Self-audit
2. Hire professional auditors
3. Combination 1 & 2
4. Performance contracts
Appliance Meter Home Meter Business Meter
-
Passive Solar Design Principles
• Orientation – Long axis E-W
• Zoning – Living to N & NE
• Building materials and colours - light
• Thermal Mass – floor mostly
• Glazing – N & S
• Insulation – Bulk & Reflective
• Windows / Ventilation
• Shading – E & W
• Landscaping – E, W & S
• Internal fittings - EE
-
Energy – Priority Order
Behavioural changes • Switch off / put jumper on • Use a fan • heat & cool smaller areas / close windows & doors if Air
Cond. • Think Energy (& Water).
Hot water• Replace thermostat and set to lower temperature –
min. 60C • Add insulation around tank.• Replace with Solar or Heat Pump when necessary
-
Energy – Priority Order
• Lighting – change to CFLs & LEDs
• Refrigerators – 6 Star ventilate / fan cooling
• Upgrade other appliances to 6 Star
• Insulate Roof/Ceiling and Walls
• Shade E/W windows
• Upgrade Fans & Air Con units COP/EER >5
• Swap to Induction Cooking – fast accurate control
-
Case Study – Home
Workers Cottage – extend 3 bed / 2 ensuites2- 3 people - SandgateElectricity - 11 kWh/day 1.5kW PV – 6kWh/dayGas – Cooking and Stove – 22 MJ/day
-
Case Study – Small Business – Café
-
There’s Leaders and Followers
Germany EE & RE
• Halving Total Energy Use by 2050 Targets >80% RE Elect
• 30% RE electricity since 2004.
• >370,000 jobs in RE 2014
• Huge export industry(www.energytransition.de)
http://www.energytransition.de/
-
References
• CSIRO Home Energy Saving Handbook (2009) Pan Macmillan Press
• EnergyCut – The 20 step guide to cutting energy bills in your business www.energycut.com.au
• Energy Rating http://www.energyrating.gov.au/
• Your Home Technical Manual www.yourhome.gov.au
http://www.energycut.com.au/http://www.energyrating.gov.au/http://www.yourhome.gov.au/