Download - Energy sector of pakistan
AgendaIntroduction to Energy Sector
◦Sources of Energy Thermal Electricity Resources Hydel Power Nuclear Energy Non-conventional Sources of Energy
◦Development Wapda Hydro power Thermo power Nuclear Oil and gas
Energy Crises Origin Current Situation
◦Electricity Shortfall◦Gas Shortfall◦Water Shortfall◦Current Events
Causes and Effects of Energy CrisisProjects by governmentRecommendations
Sources of Energy Thermal Electricity Resources
Coal Oil Natural Gas
Non conventional sources of energy (renewable)• Biogas (Animals)• Solar• Wind
Electricity shortfall
Current demand nearly 24,000MWProduction capacity of 19500 MWGap of 4500 MWAs a result, 10-12 hours of load-
shedding per day across the country.
Gas shortfallGas consumption in July-March 2012-13
negative growthDemand and supply gap
◦ 1 billion cubic feet per dayPunjab’s industrial sectorSindh’s CNG sector
Years Demand Supply Net difference
2004-2005 3173 Mcf/day
4033 860
2009-2010 4565 Mcf/day
4424 -141
2019-2020 9114 Mcf/day
3001 -6113
2029-2030 19035 Mcf/day
2299 -16736
Water ShortfallMost important resourceFierce competition for fresh water Pakistan’s fresh water, under pressure
◦30 million acre-feet of water is thrown in to the sea
◦electricity generation, irrigation and dinking.
CausesCircular debt
poor revenue collectiondelayed payment by ministry of finance
Lot of receivables More than Rs 360 billion.. See detail in article
Causes continuedTheft of
Electricity
LossLast five years
Billion (pkr)
GEPCO 0.6LESCO 0.306MEPCO 2.35SEPCO 0.280HESCO 3.6PEPCO 7.47KESCO 16.17FESCO 59
Causes continuedWastage of electricityHigh cost of fuelMonopoly in the businessExploring CoalGrowing energy demandCorruption
ConsequencesEconomic factor
GDPFDI
Agriculture SectorIndustrial sectorUn employmentSocial issues
frustration
AlternativesThe Local Gas Reserves are of Strategic
Important for Pakistan.In 2008 34742 GWH Electricity
Produced from Gas.On the other Side Pakistan has been
Exploring option for Gas Import.In this regard Three Different options
have been brought under Consideration.
Three Different options
Natural gas pipeline from Qatar to Pakistan through Oman.
Natural Gas pipeline from Turkmenistan to Pakistan through Afghanistan TAP.
Natural Gas pipeline from Iran to Pakistan(Ipi)
Qatar Pakistan Gas Pipe LineOn 17th july 2007 Govt of pak Joined
MOU,Plan was to Build UnderSea Pipeline from Qatar(World third largest Proved Gas Reserve).
aimed to create a Gas pipeline network.connecting the three Gulf Countries) and
would run 1,225 km under the sea to Pakistan.
TAP(Turkumanistan Afaghanistan Pakistan) Project
was signed in 2006 for Turkmenistan to supply 32.7bcm per year of Gas to Pakistan over 30 years
TAP Project which would terminate at Gawader and link to Heart in Afghanistan.
The greatest obstacle to the pipeline from Turkmenistan is the unstable geo political situation in Afghanistan & also Gas Price Issue.
The Iran-Pakistan-India PipelineProposal was matured in 2005.Idea was Originally conceived in 1995 as
IPI.After 13 years India decided to Quit
project in 2008 .aims to capitalize the gas imported
through these pipelines for the usage of power generation and heavy industries.
This is a very beneficial development but the project may not be completed successfully for a number of reason such as volatile geo-political situation in the region.
Hydropower ProjectsHydropower is one of the most important
sources of energy in Pakistan.It is the more economical source of
electricity.Indigenous and renewable source of
energyThe future of Hydropower project
depends upon the secure supply of water from the river that flows in Pakistan.
Recommendations Continuous updating of equipments Proper utilization of Natural resourcesUsing energy saving devicesAwareness campaign for energy sectorGovernment should work on IPI, TAPI,
LNGGovernment should promote alternate
sources of energy (solar and wind)