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Energy Transfer
In the atmosphere
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Energy Transfer
• Radiation is the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves.
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Energy Transfer
• Conduction is the transfer of energy as heat through a material.
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Energy Transfer
• Convection is the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations an can result in the transfer of energy as heat.
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Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
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Heating the Atmosphere
• Solar energy reaches the Earth as electromagnetic radiation, which includes visible light, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet light.
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Heating the Atmosphere
• About half of the solar energy that enters the atmosphere passes through it and reaches the Earth’s surface
• The rest of the energy is absorbed or reflected in the atmosphere by clouds, gases, and dust or it is reflected by Earth’s surface.
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Heating the Atmosphere
• The Earth does not continue to get warmer because the oceans and the land radiate the absorbed energy back into the atmosphere.
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Heating the Atmosphere
• Dark-colored objects absorb more solar radiation
• Light-colored objects absorb very little
• Dark colored objects have more energy to release as heat.
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Heating the Atmosphere
• This is one reason the temperature in cities is higher that the temperature in the surrounding countryside.
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Movement of Energy
• Warmed by the Earth’s surface, rises into the atmosphere
• Begins to cool, and eventually becomes more dense
• Air around it and sinks
• This current then moves back toward the Earth until heated and less dense and then begins to rise again.
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Movement of Energy
• The continual process of warm air rising and cool air sinking and moving air in a circular motion is called a convection current.