Download - Entertainment
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Entertainment
• Mesopotamia– very little
entertainment
– harsh life
– religious festivals
– taverns/drinking
• Egypt– sports, fishing,
boating, rich hunt for sport
– plays & poems
– lots of toys & games
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Education
• Mesopotamia– cuneiform
– scribes only
– a few upper class
– educated to keep track of trade, etc.
• Egypt– scribes & upper
class
– educated to better yourself
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Magic/Medicine• Mesopotamia
– related to religion/priests herbal remedies
– magic for prophesy
– prophets as advisors
– angry gods, so use magic to soothe
• Egypt– related to religion/priests
– herbal remedies & aroma therapy
– dentistry– magic for prophesy– nice gods, so give
magic as a gift to them
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Technology• Mesopotamia
– cuneiform, umbrella, wagon, wheel, arches, metal working
– irrigation systems
– walls around cities
– ziggurats
• Egypt– few innovations
– heiroglyphics
– papyrus
– pyramids
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Fashion
• Mesopotamia– woolen skirts
– breast plates
– jewelry for upper class
– utilitarian clothes
• Egypt– linen tunics: simple for poor,
good weave & dyed for wealthy
– upper class: cosmetics, wigs, gold jewelry
– priests & pharoahs: animal skins
– beards symbolize royal power (others shaved daily)
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Religion
• Mesopotamia– Anu, Ishtar, Marduk
– harsh, jealous gods
– center of life
– god king as high priest
– sisters of god & fertility
• Egypt– animal-headed gods– generally kind & fair gods– important, but not center
of life– pharaoh is god– mummies reflect belief in
a good afterlife
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Ruling Style
• Mesopotamia– constant changes
due to invasion
– see notes: Gilgamesh, Sargon, Nebuchadnezzar, etc.
• Egypt– easy lifestyle = little
change in ruling– Narmer united upper
& lower Egypt– Warrior kings (ex.
Ramses)
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Family• Mesopotamia
– women with traditional roles
– women & children sold for debt
– harsh life = less family bonding
– whole family works– divorce allowed
• Egypt– women in traditional roles
– children = blessing
– children don’t work young
– marry young; polygamy allowed
– divorce allowed
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Military
• Mesopotamia– constant warfare
between city-states– need innovations:
chariot, wagon wheel, metal working
– all of history = military conquest
• Egypt– little warfare = small
army, little innovation
– not until after Hyksos invasion does Egypt build up army (Ramses)
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Literature & Art• Mesopotamia
– very limited (harsh lifestyle)
– Poems of Enheduannha
– Gilgamesh = first epic story
– only religious art & architecture
• Egypt– lots of lit, poetry,
stories, mythology
– writing on everything
– sculptures (in & out of religious context)
– Rosetta stone
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Trade
• Mesopotamia
–crossroads of East & West
–land route
–traded metal, innovations, crops
• Egypt– within Nile delta
– traded b/n Nubia, Ethiopia, & Egypt
– boundaries make trade difficult
– traded tools, animal skins, linen, gold
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Social Classes• Mesopotamia
–King as head priest
–priestly class
–scribes
–free men (farmers, etc.)
–slaves
• Egypt– Pharaoh as god
– viviers = nobles/priests
– Scribes
– ArtisanmMerchant class
– Farmers
– Slaves & foreigners
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Death & Afterlife• Mesopotamia
–burials with objects of wealth
–no great monuments
–afterlife is dreary & sad
• Egypt– extensive burials with
food, furniture, pets
– decoration & preservation of body
– nice afterlife with everything you bury
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Diplomacy• Mesopotamia
– Persians allowed local officials to stay in power
– used neighboring tribes as slaves
– cooperated to have consistent weights & measures
• Egypt– Early: contact only within
Egypt– Later: Ramses negotiated
with Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, etc.
– too far away from others– intermarriage with
Hittites
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Architecture
• Mesopotamia– city walls– Sargon’s great city– ziggurats (religious
uses: education, prophesy center, connects to palace)
• Egypt– Old Kingdom: great
monuments (sphinx, pyramids)
– New Kingdom: grand obelisk, great cities, Ramses = greatest monument builder)