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EROSION TECHNOLOGY for SITES EROSION TECHNOLOGY for SITES
Earth Spillway Integrity AnalysisEarth Spillway Integrity Analysis Phase 2: Inputs and Equations Phase 2: Inputs and Equations
EROSION TECHNOLOGY for SITES EROSION TECHNOLOGY for SITES
Earth Spillway Integrity AnalysisEarth Spillway Integrity Analysis Phase 2: Inputs and Equations Phase 2: Inputs and Equations
EROSION MEASUREMENT TRAINING:Maricopa County, AZ October 2011
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3 PHASE Spillway Erosion Model
1. SURFACE EROSION (Cover Destruction)
3. HEADCUT ADVANCE
2. CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION
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SPILLWAY EROSION PHASESSPILLWAY EROSION PHASES
1. 1. SURFACE EROSION SURFACE EROSION (Cover Destruction)
2. CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION 2. CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION (Headcut Formation)(Headcut Formation)
3. HEADCUT ADVANCE3. HEADCUT ADVANCE
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PHASE 2CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION
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PHASE 2PHASE 2Concentrated Flow Surface DetachmentConcentrated Flow Surface Detachment.
rr = k = kdd ( (ee - - cc))
ee = = (d+(d+d)Sd)S
Stress equation applies when eroded depth (d) is less than approach critical flow depth (phase 2).
kkd d = coefficient of detachment (material property)= coefficient of detachment (material property)
cc = critical tractive stress (material property) = critical tractive stress (material property)
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SURFACE DETACHMENT
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te, (Pa)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
e r, (g
/cm
2 )/s
0
2
4
6
8
10
tc
kd
c e
r
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10-1 100 101 102 103 10410-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
10 Clopper and Chen(1988)
9 Chen and Anderson(1987)
8 Shaikh et al.(1987)
7 McWhorter et al.(1968)
6 Hanson(1990)
5 Elliot et al.(1989)
4 Grissinger et al.(1981)
3 Arulanandan et al.(1980)
2 Fuduka & Lick(1980)
1 Partheniades(1965)
e, (N/m2)
r, (g
/cm
2 /s)
1
2
109
8
76
54
3
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DETACHMENT RATE COEFFICIENTDETACHMENT RATE COEFFICIENT
The detachment rate coefficient may be externally determined and entered directly in SITES or estimated by SITES from soil properties.
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Kd Versus Percent Clayfor Range of dry density values
0.01
0.1
1
10
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent 2 Microns
Kd
Com
pute
d
d = 120 pcf
d = 100 pcf
d = 110 pcf
d = 90 pcf
d = 130 pcf
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Summary of Factors to compute KdSummary of Factors to compute Kd
Dry Density, Dry Density, dd
Percent finer than 2Percent finer than 2 (% clay) (% clay) Practical range is from 0.01 to 10Practical range is from 0.01 to 10 Number is inversely related to resistance to Number is inversely related to resistance to
erosion – low value is high resistance, high erosion – low value is high resistance, high value is low resistancevalue is low resistance
Note units are in ft/hr of downward erosion per Note units are in ft/hr of downward erosion per unit applied stress of lb/ftunit applied stress of lb/ft22
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Jet Erosion Test (JET)Jet Erosion Test (JET)
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Jet Erosion Test in NY Spillway
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CRITICAL STRESS CRITICAL STRESS for for
DetachmentDetachment
Critical stress based on loose particle condition for all materials.
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Parameters Impacting Phase 2 ErosionParameters Impacting Phase 2 Erosion
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SPILLWAY EROSION PHASESSPILLWAY EROSION PHASES
1. 1. SURFACE EROSION SURFACE EROSION (Cover Destruction)
2. CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION2. CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION
3. HEADCUT ADVANCE3. HEADCUT ADVANCE
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