Download - ESRM 250/CFR 520 Autumn 2009 Phil Hurvitz
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
ESRM 250/CFR 520Autumn 2009Phil Hurvitz
Creating Feature Datasets
(vector data)
2
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
DigitizingCreating vector data
setsConverting to feature
classCreating new
datasetsSnappingAltering the shape of
lines and polygonsSplitting features
Unioning polygonsMerging polygonsIntersecting polygonsClipping polygonsAdding attributesUndoing editsSaving edits
Overview
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
most common “legacy” method of getting data into a GIS
Digitizing
tedious & detail-oriented work
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
How the digitizing tablet works
Digitizing tablet
operatorclicks on or traces features
y = 10
x = 5
coordinates are placed in database
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
ArcGIS supports creation & editing of vector data sets (shapefile & geodatabase = “feature class”)
Point Line Polygon
Data sets are completely editable Coordinate data Attribute data
Creating vector data sets
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Any supported vector data set can be converted to feature class
Converting to feature class
CAD data
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Any supported vector data set can be converted to feature class
Converting to feature class
shapefile or gdb feature class
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Selected sets are converted
Converting to feature class
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
New datasets can be created from scratch in ArcCatalog
decide in advance what feature type to represent the data
Creating new datasets
select feature type
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
New datasets can be created from scratch in ArcCatalog
specify coordinate system
Creating new datasets
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Creating new datasets: “heads-up” digitizing
Done completely on computer (no digitizing tablet), hence the term “heads-up”
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Create a road layer using a photo background
Creating new datasets
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
New features can be created from tracing existing selected features
Creating new datasets
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Snapping controls: how features align during creation/editing connections of lines (node placement) completion of polygons avoid overshoots/undershoots avoid slivers or gaps
Snapping
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Snapping behavior controlled by the Snapping Environment dialog
Snapping
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Snapping
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Interactive snapping options Snap to an existing vertex Snap to an existing line segment or
polygon edge Snap to an intersection of two or more
lines Snap to an existing line endpoint Snapping can be layer-to-layer
Snapping options
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Snapping
Helps avoid these errors
J. Lawler
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Topological editing: shared edges are all affected by edits
Altering the shape of lines and polygons
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Non-topological editing: only a single feature is edited
Altering the shape of lines and polygons
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Polygons are split by a user-defined line
Splitting (cutting) polygons
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Lines are split at a specified location
Splitting lines
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Geodatabase splitting policiesAttributes are handled by policies Duplicate: values in new records are
copied from the parent record Geometry property (e.g., area, perimeter,
length) automatically handled Geometry ratio
based on geometry (e.g., percent of area)
Splitting features
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Attribute splitting (for geodatabase feature classes) is handled by policies
Splitting features
image from ESRI
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Merging polygons
select multiple polygons from the same layer
original polygons are merged into a single new polygon
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Attributes are handled by rules in the same way as splitting
Merging polygons
image from ESRI
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Merging polygons: an example
Merging polygons
J. Lawler
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Similar to merge, but can combine features from > 1 layer
Unioning polygons
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Intersecting polygons
spatial area as the "set" for intersection
a new polygon from common areas
like mathematical intersection
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Clipping polygons
Option 1: discard the intersection
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Clipping polygons
Option 2: keep only the intersection
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Clipping: an example
J. Lawler
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Clipping: an example
J. Lawler
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Landscape metrics calculated from clipped frog home range
% forest 73% ag 12Ag dist
20F-patch.s 60A-patch.s 6
Clipping: an example
J. Lawler
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Attributes need to be defined for new datasets
Fields are added; define field name data type width decimal precision
Adding attributes
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Adding & defining fields: note field names & data types
Adding attributes
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
After fields are added, attributes can be updated
Adding attributes
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Edits can be undone in reverse order
Edits can be undone up to the previous save (or creation)
Once a dataset’s changes are saved, edits cannot be undone
It can be good to have a backup of the data created before an editing session
Undoing edits
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ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2009
Save EARLY and OFTEN
You are prompted to save edits when: Dataset is closed for editing Another dataset is opened for editing Document is saved or closed ArcGIS is closed
Saving edits