Download - Ethical Concepts in Nursing
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Ethical Concepts in
Nursing
Judy Brandell, RN, MSN
FALL, 2012
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Definitions
Values: attitudes, ideals, belief system ofindividuals/groups that are used to guidebehavior.
Morals: established rules of conduct andstandards of behavior: guide behavior tomake decisions about what is right and wrong
in a situation.
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Values freely chosen, influenced by upbringing,life experiences, evolve with maturity. Representmy beliefs that I hold with high regard.
Values clarification important to knowingoneself.
Brainstorm with classtheir most importantvalues use board (what values guide yourdaily interactions?)
Mine integrity, humility, authenticity, respect,quality, responsibility/accountability, courage,compassion, continuous improvement, hard work,
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Morals:
examples.
Always tell the truth one should not lie.Keep your promises. Do not steal.
"The difference between ethics and moralscan seem somewhat arbitrary to many, butthere is a basic, albeit subtle, difference.
Morals define personal character, while ethicsstress a social system in which those moralsare applied. In other words, ethics point tostandards or codes of behavior expected bythe group to which the individual belongs.This could be national ethics, social ethics,
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Moral Development
Refers to the growth of a persons value and
moral system from childhood to adulthood
and beyond.
There are many influencing factors.
Moral reasoning is part of moraldevelopment.
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Kohlbergs Stages
Postconventional
6. Human rights
5. Independent thinking
Conventional
4.Pleasing to society
3.Pleasing to others
Preconventional
2. Responds to reward
1. Responds to punishment
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Gilligans Stages
Theory of female moral
development: care
based
May be a difference
between men and
women (justice vs. care)
Points to need for
rigorous EBP
Principle of nonviolence:
Do not hurt others or self
Self sacrifice is goodness
Goal is individual survival
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Ethics
Ethics is concerned with which actions to take
in a situation.
Ethics is aprocess requiring clarification of
situations.
Bioethics: application to situations in health
care.
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Ethical Theories 1
Deontology: Kant
Moral if intent/motive good, regardless ofoutcome
DutyAct Deontology - gather facts
Rule Deontology - principles guide actions
Example: good Samaritan law
Problems?
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Ethical Theories 2
Utilitarianism: Hume/Bentham/Mill
Moral rightness determined by consequence
Greatest good for the greatest number
Examples: triage, healthcare money
Problems?
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Ethical Theories 3
Virtue Ethics: Plato/Aristotle Inborn tendencies that develop through training
Emphasizes the character of the decision maker
Character traits regarded as virtues:
Honesty, courage, compassion, fairness, integrity, etc.
Example: perseverance for patient advocacyhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.html
Problems?
http://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.htmlhttp://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/legal/Fighting-for-Nurses-Who-Speak-Up-for.html -
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Principalism
Use of ethical principles to guide behavior:
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Justice
Fidelity
Veracity
Autonomy (refer to PSDA, 1991)
Paternalism (deciding for another)
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Moral Distress
What is it?
How are nurses in particular susceptible?
Where are you most susceptible?
What is moral outrage?
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Moral Courage
Can be defined as taking action to do what is
right in spite of possible repercussions.
The phrase moral courage suggests there isdanger or fear associated with taking a right
action, because of the possible personal
sacrifice.
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Code of Ethics for Nurses
Every profession needs a code of ethics.
Is an implied contract with society.
The Code of Ethics for Nurses with
Interpretive Statements (ANA, 2001) is the
most recent revision.
Refer to the back cover of Chitty & Black
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Nursing Process and the Ethical
Decision-Making Model Nursing Process
Assess
Analyze
Plan
Implement
Evaluate
Ethical Model
Clarify Dilemma
Gather Data
Identify options
Make a decision
Act
Evaluate
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Dilemmas
Related to personal value systems
Involving other professionals
Regarding patient rights
PSDA (1991)
Related to immigration
Related to migration
Institutional issues
Technology
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Case Studies
Divide into 6 groups
Discuss assigned case study
Present discussion to class