Download - Eugene Garfield
BackgroundBorn: September 16, 1925
Known as the “Father of Scientometrics and Bibliometrics” (Brynko, 2007)
Founder and Chairman Emeritus of Thomas Scientific (Connor, 2008)
Pioneered the field of citation indexing and analysis (Hane, 2005)
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LIS Pioneer: Eugene Garfield
Eugene Garfieldhttp://garfield.library.upenn.edu/
Background cont.Paula J. Hane refers to Garfield as a “renaissance man, who has been a chemist, information scientist, editor, publisher, database producer, and "science communicator,“ (2005).
Garfield is also a prolific writer and creator of ISI, the Institute for Scientific Information (Brynko, 2007).
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LIS Pioneer: Eugene Garfield
ISI Presents: Putting Scientific Information to Work
A lecture given by Garfield to inform scientist and librarians about how to use
the Science Citation Index was transformed into this 1972 film. It was separated into 3 parts to be posted on
YouTube in 2008.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwPRI9ug6BY
(Garfield, 2013)
Education
In 1949 he earned a B.S. in Chemistry from Columbia University (Garfeild, 2013).
In 1954 he earned a Master’s degree in library science from Columbia University (Garfield, 2013).
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Education cont.
In 1961 he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a Ph.D. in Structural Linguistics (Garfeild, 2013)
His dissertation was An Algorithm for Translating Chemical Names to Molecular Formulas (Garfeild, 2013).
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Career
In 1951, he began working with the Welch Medical Indexing Project at Johns Hopkins University to improve the Current List of Medical Literature (later called Index Medicus) using machine compilation methods (Presley & Caraway, 1999).
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http://olms.cte.jhu.edu/olms2/data/ck/sites/1351/images/Johns_hopkins_university(1).jpg
Career
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Based on work began with the Welch Project, in 1955 he began publishing Current Contents which quickly grew to encompass several publications in different disciplines.
Current Contents contained the contents pages from current journals in each discipline.
(“Career Overview,” n.d.)
http://faculty.libsci.sc.edu/bob/ISP/garfield2.htm
Career cont.In 1954 Dr. Garfield formed his own company, Eugene Garfield Associates, which was renamed Institute for Scientific Information in 1960.
The Institute for Scientific Information began publication of the Science Citation Index (SCI) in 1964.
(Presley & Caraway, 1999)
The rest of Dr. Garfield’s career has been devoted to developing and enhancing tools for researchers, including The Scientist (“Career Overview,” n.d.).
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Career cont.
SCI was combined with the Social Sciences and the Arts & Humanities citation indexes to become the Web of Science.
Dr. Garfield was on the board of Research America, the board of overseers of the University of Pennsylvania Libraries and Temple University Health System, Inc., and served as president of ASIST.
(Hane, 2005)
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Contributions to LISDr. Garfield’s contributions to LIS cannot be overstated.
The advances that were made because of his dynamic new use of indexing resulted in an-
entirely new approach to research.
LIS Pioneer: Eugene Garfield
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Web of Knowledge
• Scientific Citation Index
• Social Science Citation Index
• Arts & Humanities Citation Index
What began as an index of scientific journals has become an extensive interdisciplinary web of citation (Presley, 1999).
HISTCITE
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• products of the Welch Project, which provides medical information for consumers (Thomson, 2014).
• currently offered software package which is the most advanced realization of Garfield’s original bibliometric vision (Thomson, 2014).
Medline/ MEDLAR
Contributions cont.
Dr. Garfield innovated the field of bibliometrics so far ahead of its time that it’s taken technology 40 years to fully realize his vision.
Impact Factor- counting the number of citations and thus quantifying the relevance of scholarly articles in a field (Thomson, 2014). The discovery of the “impact factor” has radically changed the process and quality of research in the scientific and eventually every field.
Citation Anyalysis- Grandfather of Google?
Larry Page and Sergey Brin cited Garfield’s work in citation analysis as a foundation for their work on PageRank (Bensman, 2013).
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LIS Pioneer: Eugene Garfield
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ReferencesBensman, S. J. (2013). Eugene Garfield, Francis Narin, and Pagerank: The theoretical bases of the Google search engine. (Master's thesis), Available from arXiv.org. (1312.3872)Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.3872v1
Brynko B. (2007). An Interview with Eugene Garfield - A Lifetime of Achievement and Still Going Strong. Information Today 24(1), 21. Retrieved from http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/papers/infotoday2007.pdf
Connor, E. (2008). Interview with Eugene Garfield, Founder and Chairman Emeritus of Thomson Scientific. Journal Of Electronic Resources In Medical Libraries, 5(3), 261-265. doi:10.1080/15424060802222448
Hane, P. J. (2005). Eugene Garfield turns 80. Information Today, 22(9), 24. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=brb&AN=502961860&scope=site
Garfield, E. (2013). Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Retrieved from http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/
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ReferencesGarfield, E. (2013). Career Overview. Retrieved from http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/overvu.html
Garfield, E. (2013). Education. Retrieved from http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/educat.html
Garfield, E. (Photographer). (2005, October 24). Most highly cited [Web Photo]. Retrieved from http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/16769/title/Most-Highly-Cited/
Presley, R. L., & Caraway, B. L. (1999). An interview with Eugene Garfield. Serials Review, 25(3), 67-80. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-7913(99)00038-6
Thomson Reuters. (2014). History of citation indexing. Retrieved from http://wokinfo.com/essays/history-of-citation-indexing/
LIS Pioneer: Eugene Garfield
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