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Evaluating parameterized variables in the Community Atmospheric Model along the GCSS Pacific cross-section
during YOTC
Cécile Hannay, Dave Williamson, Rich Neale, Jerry Olson, Dennis Shea
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder
AGU Meeting, San Francisco, December 14-18, 2009
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The GCCS Pacific Cross-section
- EUROCS project JJA 1998
- GCSS intercomparison JJA 1998/2003
- This study YOTC: JJA 2008
- Observations ISCCP data SSM/I product
CloudSat + Calipso GPCP and TRMM precip Flash Flux data
- Reanalyses ERA-Interim, Merra
Several cloud regimes: stratocumulus, transition, deep convection
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Observations along the cross-section
SWCF LWCF
Cloud fraction Low-level cloud
Precipitation
TRMM ---- GPCP __
CERES-EBAF CERES-EBAF
CloudSat+Caliop ISCCP
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Methodology for the forecasts
• Strategy If the atmosphere is initialized realistically, the error comes from the parameterizations deficiencies.
• Advantages - Evaluate the forecast against observations on a particular day and location - Evaluate the nature of moist processes parameterization errors before longer-time scale feedbacks develop.
• Limitations Accuracy of the atmospheric state ?
Initialize realistically ECWMF analysis
CAM
5-day forecast Starting daily at 00 UT
AIRS, ISCCP, TRMM, GPCP, SSMI, CloudSat, Flash-Flux, ECWMF analyzes
Forecast
Evaluation
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Ensemble mean forecast and timeseries forecast
Individual forecasts
Timeseries forecast: concatenate data at the same “forecast time” (hours 0-24) from individual forecasts
Ensemble mean forecast: average data at the same “forecast time”
Forecast time (days)
Starting date
7/1
7/2
7/3
0 2 1 3
Day of July 2 1 3
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Model versions
• CAM = Community Atmospheric Model (NCAR)
• 3 versions of CAM
CAM3 Configuration for AR4
CAM4-t1 “track1”
Configuration for AR5 New physics: - Deep convection (Neale and Richter, 2008)
CAM4-t5 “track5”
Candidate for AR5 New Physics: - Cloud microphysics (Morrison, Gettelman) - Radiative Transfer (Iacono, Collins, Conley) - PBL and Shallow convection (Bretherton and Park) - Macrophysics (Park, Bretherton, Rasch) - Aerosol formulation (Ghan, Liu, Easter) - Ice clouds (Gettelman, Liu, Park, Mitchell)
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Highlights of the results
• Climate bias appears very quickly in CAM - where deep convection is active, error is set within 1 day - 5-day errors are comparable to the mean climate errors
• CAM3 - ITCZ: warm/wet bias of the upper troposphere
too much precipitation and high level cloud - StCu: cloud too close to the coast and PBL too shallow
• CAM4-t1 - ITCZ: CAM4-t1 reduces warm/wet bias of the upper troposphere
dramatic improvement of precipitation … but too little high-level cloud compared to observations
• CAM4-t5 - ITCZ: same improvements as with CAM4-t1 - StCu: better PBL height and low-level cloud fraction … but underestimates high-level cloud and LWP
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Precipitation: Monthly means, June 2008
Forecast at day 1 Forecast at day 5
TRMM GPCP CAM3 CAM4-t1 CAM4-t5
____ _ _ _ ____ ____ ____
• CAM3: overestimates the precipitation in the ITCZ • CAM4: reduction in the ITCZ precipitation at day 1
precipitation intensity increases later in the forecast
Timeseries at the ICTZ
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Precipitation timeseries, JJA 2008
TRMM CAM3 (0.50) CAM4-t1 (0.70) CAM4-t5 (0.66)
Correlation with TRMM
Precip (mm/day)
Days (JJA)
At the ITCZ:
• CAM3: overestimates the precipitation in the ITCZ rains all the time
• CAM4: reduction in the ITCZ precipitation better correlation with observed precipitation underestimates strong events
Forecast at day 1
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Precipitation timeseries, JJA 2008
TRMM CAM3 (0.50) CAM4-t1 (0.70) CAM4-t5 (0.66)
Correlation with TRMM
Precip (mm/day)
Days (JJA)
At the ITCZ:
• CAM3: overestimates the precipitation in the ITCZ rains all the time
• CAM4: reduction in the ITCZ precipitation better correlation with observed precipitation underestimates strong events
Forecast at day 1
Mixing parcel env
No mixing
Allows mixing
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Precipitation timeseries, JJA 2008
TRMM CAM3 (0.50) CAM4-t1 (0.70) CAM4-t5 (0.66)
Correlation with TRMM
Days (JJA)
Precip (mm/day)
Pres (mbar)
Days (JJA)
Relative humidity
CAM4: precipitation better connected to mid-troposphere
Forecast at day 1
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Precipitation timeseries, JJA 2008 Correlation with TRMM
TRMM CAM3 (0.50) CAM4-t1 (0.70) CAM4-t5 (0.66)
Precip (mm/day)
Days (JJA)
Forecast at day 1
Forecast at day 5
CAM4: correlation w/obs decreases in 5-day forecast
TRMM CAM3 (0.19) CAM4-t1 (0.47) CAM4-t5 (0.46)
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Moisture profile in the stratocumulus regime
Day 0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
Moisture in CAM4-t1 Moisture in CAM4-t5
CAM4-t1: PBL collapses CAM4-t5: PBL height is maintained
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Moisture profile in the stratocumulus regime
Day 0 Day 1 Day 3 Day 5
Moisture in CAM4-t1 Moisture in CAM4-t5
CAM4-t1: PBL collapses CAM4-t5: PBL height is maintained
Dry and surface-driven PBL scheme
scheme based on prognostic TKE w/ explicit entrainment at top of PBL
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Water vapor budget in the stratocumulus regime
Total physics tendency: Qphys
�
∂q∂t
= −V • ∇q −ω∂q∂p
+ QPBL + Qshallow + Qcloud −water
Advective tendencies
Qphys in CAM4-t5 Qphys in CAM4-t1
Total PBL shallow conv. cloud-water
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Conclusion
• CAM forecasts allows for diagnosing parameterization errors in different cloud regimes
• CAM3 (AR4) - too much precipitation near ITCZ (deep convection scheme: no mixing between the parcel and its environment) - PBL too shallow in StCu (dry and surface-driven PBL scheme )
• CAM4-t1 (AR5) - dramatic improvement of precipitation in the early forecast with the new convection scheme (entrainment of environment)
• CAM4-t5 (AR5) - new PBL scheme produces deeper and better mixed PBLs (PBL scheme: prognostic TKE with explicit entrainment at top of PBL)