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Evaluation of the Full and Half Barrier
Faces in Oblique Frontal Offset Tests
James Saunders
SAE Government Industry MeetingJanuary 24-26, 2018
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Contents
• Test Setup• Methodology• Vehicle selection• Nomenclature• Results• Examination of rating methods• Observations
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Test Setup
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THOR-50M in driver and right front passenger seat
OMDB-Weight=2500 kg-Impact Velocity=90 kph
-35% overlap
Vehicle-Stationary-Rotated 15 degrees
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Honeycomb Definition• Width slightly > 50%• Materials the same• Removed straps and rivets• Removed side cladding• Outer cladding one piece
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Methodology
• Calculate correlation between time-histories– CORrelation and
Analysis (CORA) *– ISO 18571 *– Percent Difference
(Percent)• Percent difference
from peaks– 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹−𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐹𝐹𝐻𝐻
Percent= 1 −𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
PhaseSize / Magnitude
Slope
Shape
CorridorISO
CORA
Cross Correlation
* CORAplus Release 4.04 User’s Manual
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CORA and ISO Setup
• Used examples from CORAPlus download– Only changed curve data
• Time range– OMDB and vehicle 0-100 ms– THOR 0-150 ms
• Data sampled at 0.1 ms
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Methodology (continued)
• ISO 18572 grades *– Divides final score up into 4
grades (excellent, good, fair, and poor)
– For this analysis combined excellent and good
• CORA and Percent do not have a grades for their final score– To be able to make a comparison
between three methods ISO grades are assumed
Good R>0.80Fair 0.58<R<=0.80Poor R<=0.58
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Vehicle Selection
• Different weight classes• IIHS Top Safety Pick• NHTSA 5 stars
NHTSA Test #Half Full
Small 10134 10133Mid-size 10072 10154Large PU 10119 10099
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Nomenclature
OMDBOMDBCGaccRes OMDB CG resultant acceleration (xy)OMDBCGvelRes OMDB CG resultant velocity(xy)OMDBCGav OMDB CG angular velocity z-directionOMDBCGang OMDB CG rotation z-direction
VehicleVehLRaccRes Veh left rear resultant acceleration (xy)VehLRvelRes Veh left rear resultant velocity(xy)VehRRaccRes Veh right rear resultant acceleration (xy)VehRRvelRes Veh right rear resultant velocity(xy)VehCGaccRes Veh CG resultant acceleration (xy)VehCGvelRes Veh CG resultant velocity(xy)VehCGav Veh CG angular velocity z-directionVehCGang Veh CG rotation z-direction
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Nomenclature (continued)
Upper BodyHeadACRes Head resultant accelerationHeadAVx Head angular velocity x-directionHeadAVy Head angular velocity y-directionHeadAVz Head angular velocity z-directionNeckFz Upper neck force z-directionNeckMy Upper neck moment y-directionChestRL Resultant chest displacement right lowerChestLU Resultant chest displacement left upperChestRU Resultant chest displacement right upper
Lower BodyAcetabRIRes Resultant right accetabalum forceAcetabLERes Resultant left accetabalum forceFemurLE Left femur axial forceFemurRI Right femur axial forceTibiaRUFz Right upper tibia force z-directionTibiaRUMomRes Right upper resultant tibia moment (xy)TibiaRLFz Right lower tibia force z-directionTibiaRLMomRes Right lower resultant tibia moment (xy)TibiaLUFz Left upper tibia force z-directionTibiaLUMomRes Left upper resultant tibia moment (xy)TibiaLLFz Left lower tibia force z-directionTibiaLLMomRes Left lower resultant tibia moment (xy)
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Overhead View Comparison
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Full Half
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Impact Point
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-50
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-30
-20
-10
0
10
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30
40
50
-50 -30 -10 10 30 50
Vert
ical
(mm
)
Lateral (mm)
SmallMid-sizeLarge PU
Max difference is 37 mm
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Energy Absorbed by OMDB
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Small Mid-size Large PU
Ene
rgy
(Kj)
FullHalf
Large PU Full
Large PU Half
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Interior Intrusions
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Small
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40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Res
ulta
nt I
ntru
sion
(mm
)
FullHalf
Mid-size
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40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Res
ulta
nt I
ntru
sion
(mm
)
FullHalf
Large PU
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40
60
80
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120
140
160
Res
ulta
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ntru
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(mm
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FullHalf
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OMDB Results
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Small Mid-size Large PUCORA ISO Percent CORA ISO Percent CORA ISO Percent
OMDBCGaccRes 0.99 0.93 0.99 0.97 0.67 0.97 0.94 0.86 0.97OMDBCGvelRes 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.82 0.92 0.99 0.96 0.99
OMDBCGav 0.96 0.83 0.98 0.90 0.72 0.81 0.96 0.89 0.93OMDBCGang 0.96 0.98 0.97 0.94 0.85 0.69 0.98 0.99 0.97
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Small Mid-size Large PUCORA ISO Pecent CORA ISO Pecent CORA ISO Pecent
VehLRaccRes 0.97 0.91 1.00 0.91 0.63 0.73 0.80 0.78 0.85VehLRvelRes 1.00 0.98 0.99 0.97 0.81 0.94 0.99 0.94 0.97VehRRaccRes 0.97 0.92 0.97 0.90 0.63 0.92 0.86 0.80 0.79VehRRvelRes 1.00 0.99 0.96 0.90 0.83 0.88 0.99 0.96 0.98VehCGaccRes 0.98 0.94 0.96 ND ND ND 0.83 0.77 0.99VehCGvelRes 1.00 0.99 0.98 ND ND ND 0.98 0.95 0.92VehCGav 0.65 0.63 0.87 0.84 0.58 0.93 0.90 0.79 0.92VehCGang 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.92 0.69 0.84 0.99 0.97 0.99
Vehicle Results
Acceleration rating “fair” but velocity is rated “good”
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Explain latter
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Small Mid-size Large-PUCORA ISO Percent CORA ISO Percent CORA ISO Percent
HIC 0.67 0.96 0.86BRIC 0.79 0.95 0.74
HeadACRes 0.93 0.83 0.97 0.94 0.71 0.96 0.89 0.78 0.87HeadAVx 0.74 0.76 0.90 0.91 0.69 0.92 0.65 0.67 0.57HeadAVy 0.90 0.86 0.82 0.92 0.74 0.98 0.71 0.68 0.90HeadAVz 0.81 0.81 0.96 ND ND ND 0.51 0.61 0.62NeckFz 0.87 0.81 0.98 0.87 0.65 0.94 0.85 0.82 0.96NeckMy 0.80 0.77 0.89 0.66 0.53 0.61 0.72 0.71 0.89ChestLL ND ND ND 0.64 0.51 0.53 0.75 0.64 0.85ChestRL 0.93 0.85 0.90 0.53 0.40 0.64 0.68 0.63 0.76ChestLU ND ND ND 0.66 0.42 0.83 0.83 0.80 0.83ChestRU 0.94 0.90 0.99 0.62 0.54 0.79 ND ND ND
Driver Upper Body Results
Head Kinematics different (see next slide)
63 mm difference in SW displacement in the z-direction and difference in dummy position
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Large PU Driver Head Kinematics
Full barrier test head rotates about the z-axisHalf barrier head slides relative to the bag causing less z-axis rotation
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Hea
d An
gula
r Vel
ocity
(z-a
xis)
Title
Test1Test2
CORA ISO Percent0.51 0.61 0.39
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Full Half
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See next slideSimilar up to 50 ms, similar shape just magnitude different after 50 ms
Small Mid-size Large-PUCORA ISO Percent CORA ISO Percent CORA ISO Percent
AcetabRIRes 0.93 0.85 0.95 0.91 0.73 0.83 0.80 0.75 0.96AcetabLERes 0.81 0.73 0.86 0.85 0.67 0.72 0.91 0.84 0.72FemurLE 0.81 0.74 0.92 0.47 0.43 0.73 0.77 0.75 0.78FemurRI 0.97 0.90 0.95 0.88 0.72 0.74 0.63 0.58 0.61TibiaRUFz 0.93 0.85 0.93 0.79 0.63 0.90 0.67 0.66 0.85TibiaRUMomRes 0.90 0.81 0.86 0.70 0.61 0.84 0.73 0.64 0.95TibiaRLFz 0.96 0.90 0.98 0.87 0.65 0.84 0.59 0.59 0.59TibiaRLMomRes 0.88 0.85 0.87 0.78 0.69 0.88 0.79 0.79 0.98TibiaLUFz 0.79 0.77 0.80 0.65 0.57 0.50 0.29 0.36 0.34TibiaLUMomRes 0.79 0.75 0.93 0.81 0.65 0.71 0.89 0.84 0.85TibiaLLFz 0.85 0.77 0.90 0.77 0.66 0.80 ND ND NDTibiaLLMomRes 0.72 0.71 0.80 0.80 0.68 0.68 0.78 0.78 0.67
Driver Lower Body Results
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Mid-size Left Femur and Left Upper Tibia Force
Femur similar up to 56 ms Upper tibia similar for a little longer 70 ms
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-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Left
Fem
ur F
orce
Time (seconds)
FullHalf
-1800
-1600
-1400
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Left
Upp
er T
ibia
For
ce
Time (seconds)
FullHalf
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See next slideMagnitude small compared to other chest displacement
Small Mid-size Large-PUCORA ISO Percent CORA ISO Percent CORA ISO Percent
HIC 0.82 0.76 0.99BRIC 0.69 0.89 0.94HeadACRes ND ND ND 0.87 0.69 0.76 0.97 0.90 0.97HeadAVx 0.74 0.73 0.91 0.77 0.65 0.71 0.96 0.91 0.94HeadAVy 0.87 0.87 0.85 0.88 0.69 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.99HeadAVz 0.92 0.92 0.83 0.56 0.50 0.87 0.92 0.90 0.91NeckFz 0.73 0.68 0.89 0.78 0.63 0.61 0.80 0.78 0.87NeckMy 0.87 0.80 0.89 0.78 0.60 0.85 0.78 0.78 0.97ChestLL 0.96 0.93 0.93 0.88 0.69 0.99 0.87 0.83 0.98ChestRL 0.84 0.79 0.97 0.71 0.55 0.77 0.85 0.81 0.75ChestLU 0.93 0.89 0.98 0.92 0.72 0.91 ND ND NDChestRU 0.71 0.63 0.73 0.85 0.63 0.91 0.72 0.67 0.76
Passenger Upper Body
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Mid-size Passenger Head Angular Velocity (z)
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-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Mid
-siz
e 3H
eadA
Vz
Time (seconds)
FullHalf
CORA ISO Percent0.56 0.50 0.87
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Similar up to 65 ms Phase shift Higher magnitude for 10 ms
Small Mid-size Large-PUCORA ISO Percent CORA ISO Percent CORA ISO Percent
AcetabRIRes ND ND ND 0.89 0.64 0.86 0.78 0.73 0.96AcetabLERes 0.84 0.75 0.99 ND ND ND 0.72 0.68 0.77FemurLE 0.97 0.90 0.98 0.89 0.63 0.89 0.94 0.86 0.90FemurRI 0.93 0.87 0.96 0.89 0.71 0.96 0.93 0.86 0.86TibiaRUFz 0.95 0.87 0.97 0.88 0.64 0.83 0.84 0.75 0.82TibiaRUMomRes 0.88 0.84 0.98 0.70 0.57 0.96 0.86 0.83 0.87TibiaRLFz 0.96 0.90 0.96 0.92 0.70 0.99 0.85 0.82 0.96TibiaRLMomRes 0.79 0.77 0.90 0.89 0.75 0.92 0.85 0.82 0.80TibiaLUFz 0.93 0.85 0.98 0.90 0.67 0.76 0.73 0.72 0.93TibiaLUMomRes 0.75 0.73 0.72 0.69 0.53 0.89 0.84 0.80 0.88TibiaLLFz 0.93 0.88 0.92 0.90 0.69 0.71 ND ND NDTibiaLLMomRes 0.84 0.81 0.72 0.88 0.68 0.98 0.76 0.70 0.67
Passenger Lower Body
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Comparison of time-history methods
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
Smal
l Veh
LR
accR
es
Time (seconds)
FullHalf
CORA ISO Pecent0.97 0.91 1.00
0
50
100
150
200
300
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Mid
-Siz
e O
MD
Bac
cRes
Time (seconds)
FullHalf
CORA ISO Percent0.97 0.67 0.97
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Method CORA ISOCorridor 0.956 0.974Phase 1.000 0.976
Size (Magnitude) 0.975 0.969Cross correlation (Slope) 0.973 0.795
Overall rating 0.968 0.938() ISO naming convention
Method CORA ISOCorridor 0.959 0.599Phase 1.000 0.530
Size (Magnitude) 0.969 0.949Cross correlation (Slope) 0.971 0.684
Overall rating 0.968 0.672() ISO naming convention
Similar Curve sDifferent Rat250ing
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Remove Bias in Cur ves
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Method CORA ISOCorridor 0.959 0.599Phase 1.000 0.530
Size (Magnitude) 0.969 0.949Cross correlation (Slope) 0.971 0.684
Overall rating 0.968 0.672() ISO naming convention
Method CORA ISOCorridor 0.952 0.981Phase 1.000 0.962
Size (Magnitude) 0.971 0.973Cross correlation (Slope) 0.965 0.745
Overall rating 0.964 0.929() ISO naming convention
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Mid
-Siz
e O
MD
Bac
cRes
Time (seconds)
FullHalf
0
50
0 0.02
The bias at time 0 effects ISO rating
Score with bias Score with bias removed
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ISO Eye test
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
ISO
CORA
ISO Meets Eye Test ISO Does Not Meet Eye Test ISO Questable Meets Eye Test
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Obser vations
• Energy absorbed by OMDB not consistent by vehicle type• OMDB and vehicle performance was overall “good” • Dummy performance overall acceptable
– Driver only 16 out of 183 were rated “poor”– Passenger only 6 out of 183 were rated “poor”
• ISO method does not always meet the eye test• These results need to be considered in the context of expected
repeatability of the Oblique test in general, analysis of which is underway and will be presented at SAE World Congress
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EVALUATION OF THE FULL AND HALF BARRIER FACES IN OBLIQUE FRONTAL OFFSET TESTS