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Evidence Based Training in Human Factors/CRM Training
Lex Rock Heemstra Human Factors Specialist – Emirates Flight Training
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Evidence
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The Start of CRM – Evidence then!
FO: God, look at that thing. That
don't seem right, does it? Uh,
that's not right.
CA: Yes it is, there's eighty.
FO: Naw, I don't think that's right.
Ah, maybe it is.
CA: Hundred and twenty.
FO: I don't know.
FO: We’re going to lose an
engine, buddy.
Ca: Why?
FO: We’re losing an engine.
Ca: Why?
FE: IIs hij er niet af, die Pan
American? (Is he not off, the
Pan American?
Ca: Jawel. (Oh yes.)
Ca: One eighty.
FO: We did something to the
altitude.
Ca: What?
FO: We're still at two thousand
right?
Ca: Hey, what's happening here? FO’s monitored –
Captains did not
listen
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Evidence Now?
Jet Upset & Monitoring
Automation
Pitch Up Illusion & Monitoring
Monitoring
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Threat
Undesired
Aircraft State Error
Human Factors
Human Factors
Awareness - Airmanship - Suspicion
Resilience
SOPs – Automation
Reliability
Role of Human Factors and CRM
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A Story about Safety
? Ok Great!
Turkey
Well-being
Days 29th November 2013 26th November 2014
Shelter
Regular
feeding
Attention
from farmer
(Taleb, 2007)
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Do Operators report everything?
Source: EK Monitoring & Automation Questionnaire (326 Pilots : 145 Captains & 161 FO’s)
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Knowledge & Experience
Source: EK Monitoring & Automation Questionnaire (326 Pilots : 145 Captains & 161 FO’s)
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Human Factors
Perception of Reality
Window to the Mind
Human Factors
Reality
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The Evidence – based on what? Program
HF Program
ASR’s TRE & CFI Meetings Flight Operations
Flight Safety
Standardization Days
Quality Assurance LOSA
Flight Training Records
Operational Policy & Procedures Workgroup
CHFR Reports Course Discussions
Fatigue Risk Management
Questionnaires
Course Feedback
Coaching Sessions
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PAMs and Training
• Workload • Situation Awareness • Decision Making • Communication • Leadership, Teamwork & Support
• Knowledge • Procedures • Handling • Automation
• Easily identifiable • May have clear links • Short-term change possible
Reliability Resilience • Not easily identifiable • Linked in complex ways • Often require long-term change
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Startle Effect and Management
C O N T R O L
O F
A I R C R A F T
TIME
STARTLE!
? FLY the
aircraft
Conditioned Reaction:
TCAS, Go-Around,
Windshear, RTO, etc.
Reliable
competencies
No understanding
“Shotgun” solution
Fails and then …
A-N-C
If too long Stress
Resilient
competencies
Knowledge
Procedures
Handling
Automation
Assessment
Workload Management
Situation Awareness
Problem Solving & Decision Making
Communication
Leadership/Teamwork/Support
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Adult Learning Principles
• Adults are internally motivated and self-directed • Adults bring life experiences and knowledge to learning experiences • Adults are goal orientated • Adults are relevancy orientated • Adults are practical • Adult learners like to be respected
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How Pilots are...
• “Reality based” and self-sufficient
• Difficulty trusting anyone – even suspicious (a little paranoid)
• Intelligent but are typically not intellectually oriented
• Like “toys” – boats, cars, motorcycles, big watches etc.
• Concrete, practical, linear thinkers rather than abstract, philosophical or theoretical
• Analytically oriented
• Extremely reality- and goal-oriented
• Bimodal: on/off, black/white, good/bad, safe/unsafe, regulations/non-regulations
• Need excitement, competitive
(Courtesy of ALPA)
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(20 out of 83 Nationalities in Emirates - 76.4% of Pilot Population)
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Flight Attitude Questions
Australia Belgium Brazil Britain Canada France Germany
Holland Ireland India Italy Jamaica Malaysia Mexico
New Zealand South Africa Sweden Switzerland UAE USA
Source: Flight Management Attitude Questionnaire for EK 2010 (N= 2095)
Average Emirates Pilot
(Source: Flight Management Attitude Questionnaire for EK 2010, n = 2095)
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Say the Colour
Red Blue Yellow Green Blue Yellow Red Yellow Green Blue Red Yellow
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Say the Colour
Red Blue Yellow Green Blue Yellow Red Yellow Green Blue Red Yellow
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Say the Colour
Желтый Зеленый Синий Красный Желтый Зеленый Синий Красный Синий Желтый Зеленый Красный
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Say the Colour
Red Blue Yellow Green Blue Yellow Red Yellow Green Blue Red Yellow
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Squaring numbers with 5
• Anytime you square a number with five as the last digit, multiply the digits preceding the 5 with one number more than itself, and then write this result in front of 25.
• E.g: 252 352 652 625 1225 4225
• 252: 2 x (2+1) = 6 and 5 x 5 = 25 625
• Now try the following: 45; 75; 135; 235; 445; 625
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Multiplying by 11
23 35 45 63 x11 x11 x11 x11 253 385 495 693 • Find the pattern & create a rule! • How could you extend this rule? • What if the numbers add up to more than 9? • 11 79 (16) 869
Beware of Instructor Centric training
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Summary
• What Evidence are you using?
• What are you basing it on?
• How are you training your flight crew?
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Thank You [email protected]