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Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health.
Evidence Ecosystem concept and advances in evidence synthesis and dissemination
Chris Mavergames Head of Informatics & Knowledge Management Chief Information Officer Cochrane Central Executive
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Conflict of interest
statement
I have no actual or potential conflict of
interest in relation to this presentation.
I am an employee of Cochrane.
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This talk will show …
…how explicit links between actors are
needed – and are now possible - to close the
loop between new evidence and improved
care
...through a culture for sharing evidence
combined with advances in methods and
technology platforms
…for digitally structured data in a trustworthy
"Evidence Ecosystem".
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Outline
• Evidence Ecosystem concept
• Cochrane and innovations in
evidence synthesis
• Examples of Ecosystem
• Summary
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Ecosystem: African
Savanna
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Ecosystem: African
Savanna
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The Digital and Trustworthy
Evidence Ecosystem To increase value and reduce waste in
research
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Evidence disseminators to clinicians
Actors in the ecosystem
Evidence evaluators & improvers
Evidence disseminators to patients
Evidence implementers
Evidence producers
Evidence synthesizers
Currently poor functioning evidence ecosystem with challenges at every step
Systematic reviews often irrelevant, incomplete and takes too long to produce and update, with lots of duplication
Research evidence often unreliable, off target. Big data exciting but do they add value?
Data from registries etc of poor quality, unstructured and remain unpublished
Guidelines are often outdated, costly, inefficiently disseminated in suboptimal presentation formats
Evidence dissemination to patients is limited, hard to share decisions with clinicians
May not target most important gaps and fail to identify and use best current evidence, lack tools (e.g. CDS in EHR)
Overall: No support or easy access to people, methods and tools in the ecosystem
Evidence implementation, evaluation and quality improvement lacks coordination, a hit- or-miss process
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Disseminate evidence and recommendations to clinicians Trustworthy, well disseminated and living clinical practice guidelines
Disseminate evidence to patients Trustworthy evidence for shared and personalized decisions, in living decision aids, linked to living guidelines
Implement evidence Trustworthy evidence and guidelines for CDS in EHRs and quality improvement initiatives, linked to evaluation of care and production of new evidence
Synthesize evidence Relevant, structured and living
systematic reviews
Produce evidence More relevant and higher quality
primary research, real world evidence and big data
Evaluate and improve practice
Recording real world evidence in structured EHRs and registries, linked to evidence production
The Digital and Trustworthy Evidence Ecosystem
Trustworthy evidence
Digitally structured
data
Common understanding
of methods
Culture for sharing
Tools and platforms
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Evidence disseminators to clinicians
Actors and flow of data
Evidence evaluators & improvers
Evidence disseminators to patients
Evidence implementers
Evidence producers
Evidence synthesizers
Trustworthy and Digital Evidence Ecosystem with solutions
Analyze data, write and publish systematic reviews
More relevant and higher quality primary research and big data
Plan, conduct and publish primary research (trials and observational studies)
EHR, Registries, Quality Indicators, Shared Decisions
Tools to analyze data, write and publish trustworthy guidelines
Decision Aids for the clinical encounter
Personalized Decision Support Systems in the EHR linked to patient specific data
Overall: Support and easy access to people, methods and tools in the ecosystem
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The emerging "ecosystem"
within Cochrane How Cochrane is contributing to the
larger ecosystem
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Issues in Evidence
synthesis
• Processes manual, duplication of effort, lengthy
• Human and machine effort not efficient
• Tools not yet fit for purpose and connected
• Lack of data provenance impedes re-use
• Outputs not optimised for use and impact
Bottom line: new approaches to gathering,
synthesizing, and disseminating evidence are
needed.
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Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health.
Project Transform
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Project Transform
4 components:
• Evidence Pipeline: uses machine learning and text
mining to make study identification more efficient and
semi-automated – including Centralized Search
Service
• Cochrane Crowd: uses crowdsourcing to get more
people involved in tasks (crowd.cochrane.org)
• Task Exchange: Platform for brokering tasks
(taskexchange.cochrane.org)
• Living Systematic Reviews Network: New models of
updating and maintaining systematic reviews
• More info at cochrane.org/transform
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The Problem – Data deluge
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CENTRAL
PubMed
Embase
Clinical
Trials.gov
LILACs
Korea
Med
CINAHL
The CSS is about
increasing the number
of sources searched in
the way that Embase is
searched
Candidate sources:
ClinicalTrials.gov,
CINAHL, LILACS, and
Korea Med and more in
the future
The CSS in close partnership
with Project Transform’s Pipeline
and Crowd components
Centralized Search Service
(CSS)
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http://community.cochrane.org/tools/project-coordination-and-support/transform
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Using crowdsourcing to perform complex annotations as a series of
micro-tasks
Crowd-Based Annotation
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First two Living SRs
published
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Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health.
Linked Data
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PICO annotation
Population/participants
Intervention
Comparator(s)
Outcomes
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Controlled terminology sets
(vocabularies)
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PICO Annotator
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Multi-arm trials – Complex
PICO
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Flexible search for combinations of Population, Intervention, Outcome
Exploring PICO
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Flexible search for combinations of Population, Intervention, Outcome
Exploring PICO
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Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health.
Tools
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Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health.
Tools
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RevMan Web Review Dashboard
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RevMan Web
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RevMan Web
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Covidence.org
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GRADEpro
GDT
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GRADEpro
GDT
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community.cochrane.org/tool
s
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…breathe....
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Connecting tools in the
Ecosystem Example: MAGIC and Cochrane
PICOfinder
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Brief MAGIC “demo”
& live robot demo
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Dissemination using the
Ecosystem Example: Dentistry guideline
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Alpha testing the ecosystem in
dentistry
2010
2013
2015
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Early detection OC (2010)
Share
PICO
Alpha testing the ecosystem in
dentistry
Update
2013
2015
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Lessons after the
experience
1. Reduction in time from two years to three months
2. Reduction in resources
3. Additional guidance on the analysis
4. Provided a framework to summarize the evidence
1. Need to update the searches
2. Context dependence of the review and the guideline
3. The panel needed specific comparisons (reorganization of the data)
4. Many methodological decisions needed to be reviewed by the ADA team
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Challenges of operating in the ecosystem
1. Poor quality of clinical
practice guidelines
and SRs
2. Lack of channels to
share data
3. Lack of
communication
across institutions
4. Methodologies not
standardized
5. Lack of a common
platform/software
6. Poor understanding of
shared decision-
making
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1. Lack of
implementation of
decision support
systems in the EDR
2. How to measure
compliance with
recommendations and
outcomes
3. Lack of a common and
digital platforms to
share data
4. Lack of connection
between “real-data in
clinical practice” and
basic research
Challenges of operating in the ecosystem
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Closing the loop in the
ecosystem Example: RapidRecs
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23 trials
n=4000 Offer
probiotics
Baseline:
3 of 100
offered
probiotics
Digital and Trustworthy Evidence Ecosystem From RapidRecs pilot to closing the loop in Finland and Belgium
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To practice: 17-month old ”Stella” with pneumonia is
prescribed antibiotics in Belgian primary care
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Doctor prescribes antibiotics in the EHR….
11/30/2017
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Drilling back to the Evidence if
needed Recommendation - evidence summary - all the way to the meta-
analysis?
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Acting on – and implementing - the evidence together
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And the same goes for Finland…
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Summary
• The “Digital and Trustworthy Evidence Ecosystem” is
emerging:
• New and improved methods and tools are available
• Digitally structured, linked data with sharing across
platforms and organizations is now possible
• People and process need to evolve to leverage the new
"Ecosystem” including:
• Promote a culture of sharing
• Adapt to standards and structuring of data
• Common understanding of research methods
• Incorporation of evidence from “diverse” sources
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PEOPLE
TECHNOLOGY
PROCESS
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Credit: Nova Spivack
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Cochrane Germany Foundation Established October 2017 by the University Hospital Freiburg, based in Freiburg
i.Br.
Institutional funding of the foundation up to 1.000.000 p.a. German Ministry of
Health
Main Goals:
• Core functions of a national Cochrane centre
• Development of knowledge translation strategies based on Cochrane evidence
and allies
• Advocating for Evidence for different target groups
• Dissemenation of Cochrane evidence with special focus on guidelines,
continous medical education, HTA and patient information
Bodies of the foundation: Board of directors and foundation‘s council
Academic cooperation with the Unit (future Institute) ‚Evidence in medicine‘ at
the University Freiburg under a ‚Cochrane Professorship‘ (process of
appointment ongoing)
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Attribution: Scott Marsland -
Wikimedia
Thank you