Download - Evolution Towards Web 3.0: The Semantic Web
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Evolution Towards Web 3.0:
The Semantic WebExperiences and Challenges on the Web and Inside Enterprises
Lee FeigenbaumVP Technology & Client Services, Cambridge Semantics
Co-chair W3C SPARQL Working [email protected]
for “Evolution Towards Web 3.0”, April 21, 2011
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Agenda
• How did we get here?• Semantic Web: What and why• How is it used today?• Semantic Web challenges
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Acknowledgement
Much material used gratefully with permission of Tim Berners-Lee. All opinions and conclusions are Lee Feigenbaum’s.
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Web Evolution
1992 1993 1994
1st image on the Web
Debut of Mosaic browser
• Widespread success of Web 1.0– IMDB.com– PizzaHut.com– Whitehouse.gov– Lycos.com
• Universality: anything can link to anything
• Push information to users
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Web Evolution
1994 1999 2004
IE7 has 1st complete AJAX stack
First Web 2.0 ConferenceHighlights User-Generated
Content
2006Web 1.0 is “here”.
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Building Silos
• Web 1.0: The silo is the document
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Building Silos
• Web 2.0: The silo is the application
Image originally from March 2008 issue of The Economist and used with permission of creator David Simonds
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Penetrating Silos: Building the Data Web
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Penetrating Silos: Building the Data Web
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Penetrating Silos: Building the Data Web
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Penetrating Silos: Building the Data Web
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Penetrating Silos: Building the Data Web
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Penetrating Silos: Building the Data Web
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Penetrating Silos: Building the Data Web
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Web Evolution
1994 20042001 2007Web 1.0 is “here”. Web 2.0 is “here”.
2009
• Semantic Web consumers include Google & Yahoo!
• Semantic Web publishers include Best Buy, NY Times, US and UK gov’ts
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Web Evolution
1999 2001 2004 2008 20112007
RIF
16
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• “The Semantic Web”– Link explicit data on the World Wide Web in a machine-
readable fashion• …government data• …commercial data• …social data
– In order to enable…• …targeted, semantic search• …data browsing• …automated agents
Semantic Web – 1st view
World Wide Web : Web pages :: The Semantic Web : Data
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• “Semantic Web technologies”– A family of technology standards that ‘play nice together’,
including:• Flexible data model• Expressive ontology language• Distributed query language
– Drive Web sites, enterprise applications• Data integration• Business intelligence• Large knowledgebases• …
Semantic Web – 2nd view
The technologies enable us to build applications and solutions that were not possible, practical, or feasible traditionally.
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Names
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• Semantic Web• Web of Data• Giant Global Graph• Data Web• Web 3.0• Linked Data Web• Semantic Data Web• Enterprise Information Web
Branding
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Value propositions
• On the Web, the Semantic Web is about moving from linking documents to linking data
• What’s the value proposition within the enterprise?
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Evolution to Semantic Web Inside Enterprises
Cathy
Relational Technology Semantic TechnologyCustomer Table
Cust ID Name City
394021-1454 Cathy Seattle
Purchased Items Table
Purchase-ID Cust-ID Item
P942-4294 394021-1454 iPad
Based on tablesRigid table stores only the things they’re
designed to storeMeaning (e.g. relationships) must come
from the user or be built into software
Based on a Web of dataCan accommodate new data as it arrivesUnderstandable by human beings & machinesComplements & builds upon traditional IT
purchased iPad
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The Semantic Web Paradigm
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The World Changes
Traditionally:Change is costly
Semantics:Change is cheap
Semantic Web Paradigm: Coping with Change
Flexible Graph Model
URIs for naming
Agility On-the-fly
RDB 1 RDB 2
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Data Silos (structured, semi-structured, unstructured data)
ExcelEmailMySQLSybaseOracle
Integrated Enterprise Data
Response
Response
Response
QueryQuery
Query
…At and Beyond Enterprise Scale
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Semantics Puts Data Within Reach of Domain Experts
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How is Semantic Web used today?
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We’re not here yet.
Image from Trey Ideker via Enoch Huang
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What is here today?
• Do you use Web 3.0 in your day-to-day life?
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The Linked Data Web, May 2007
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The Linked Data Web, March 2008
May 12, 2009 31
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The Linked Data Web, March 2009
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The Linked Data Web, September 2010
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Semantic Web In Use: Social Data
• People, relationships– Friend Of A Friend (“FOAF”) – foaf:knows– Self-published or site-published (LiveJournal, hi5, …)
• Blogs, discussion forums, mailing lists– Semantically Interlinked Online Communities (“SIOC”)– Plug-ins for popular blogging & CMS platforms
• Calendars, vCards, reviews, … – One-offs
• Why don’t we have portable social networks? Yet?
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Social Data Example
• Facebook Open Graph Protocol
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Semantic Web In Use: Scientific Data
May 12, 2009 36
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Example: Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery
What genes are involved in signal transduction and are related to pyramidal neurons?
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General search: 223,000 hits, 0 results
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Domain-limited search: Still 2,580 potential results
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Specific databases: Too many silos!
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Linked Scientific Data: 32 targeted results
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Semantic Web In Use: Enterprises on the Web
• Thesis: Describe your business more precisely and drive more (and better) traffic to your site
• Example: NYTimes publishes their article classification scheme as linked data
• Example: Best Buy, Overstock.com use RDFa to annotate product listings
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Measurable Results
• 30% increase in search-engine traffic• 15% increase in click-through-rate for search ads
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• Many and Varied Applications Across Industries– Health care and pharma
• integration, classification, ontologies
– Oil & Gas• integration, classification
– Finance • structured data, ontologies, XBRL
– Publishing • metadata
– Libraries & museums • metadata, classification
– IT • rapid application development & evolution
Semantic Web In Use: Inside the Enterprise
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Targeting High-Potential Opportunities in Pharma
Universe of considered
opportunities
High-potentialopportunities Mobile device
RegionalAnalyst
ProfileTerritory Preferredtargets
. . .
Per-analystrelevance filter
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Delivering Dynamic, Data-driven Websites
The development of this new high-performance dynamic semantic publishing stack is a great innovation for the BBC as we are the first to use
this technology on such a high-profile site. It also puts us at the cutting edge of development for the next phase of the Internet, Web 3.0.
“
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Semantic Web In Use: Government data
– Since January 2010, 2,500 (large) datasets published as Linked Data
– Since May 2009, 250,000 (smaller) datasets published (CSV, XML, …)
– RPI project to convert datasets toLinked Data
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Tim Berners-Lee @ TED2010
http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_the_year_open_data_went_worldwide.html
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Semantic Web challenges
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Companies range from small, family-owned businesses to massive global conglomerates. But the challenges
faced by even the largest corporation pale in comparison to the scope of the challenges of building a
world-wide Semantic Web.
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Economic Model
• What sustains Semantic Web applications in industry?
• What sustains the Linked Data Web?
• Are there viable economic models for Linked Data?
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Big Issue: Motivation
• Retailers have clear motivation to put their data on the Web. But…
• …what if your business is data?– Thomson Reuters, Bloomberg, …
• …what if your business is your application?– Facebook, LinkedIn, Yelp, …
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Scale
Web
Fortune 100 corp.
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Data Quality
• Web 1.0 & 2.0 by necessity put a human between the information and its interpretation
• Web 3.0 queries, searches, and agents seek to automate this
Data quality is a challenge to automation
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1. Variable quality of uninterpreted source data– What are the highest cities in the US?
2. Variable quality of links and assertions about Linked Data
Data Quality – Two Issues
405,696,000m
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Data Quality – Two Issues
• What ensures data quality on the Linked Data Web?
• Enterprises spend millions on data quality already– Knowledge management– Master data management– Governance and curation processes
• …though data quality issues do seep in when enterprises use Semantic Web to link to partners and public sources of data!
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Trust
• How do we know which contributions to the Linked Data Web to trust?– Trust (distrust) the contributors?– Trust (distrust) the contributions?– Trust (distrust) the process?
• How is trust established within an enterprise’s Linked Data Web?
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Adoption
Suggestion: Progress towards enterprise linked data requires far fewer people embrace Semantic Web technologies compared with a global Linked Data Web
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Other Challenges
• Data licensing• Open world assumption• Unique name assumption• Temporal data
• What other challenges can you think of?
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