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Examination of the knee
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History-taking
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H/O Injury
• Yes
• No
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Presenting Complaints
• Pain
• Locking
• Clicking
• Giving way
• Stiffness
• Loss of ROM
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Understanding patient’s complaints
PainOnly after activityAt rest
Gradual-onsetAcute onset
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Understanding patient’s complaints
Locking v/s pseudo-locking
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Understanding patient’s complaints
Knee gives way
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Understanding patient’s complaints
Stiffness
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Understanding patient’s complaints
Clicking
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Understanding patient’s complaints
Loss of ROM
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Examination
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Exposure
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Let the patient be comfortable and relaxed
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Examine the knee from the same side
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Examine standing
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Examine walking
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Deformity
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Tell-tale sign
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Muscle wasting indicates long-standing problem
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Effusion
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Fluid-shift test
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Specific Point of tenderness ??
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Examination for ligaments
• Compare with opposite side
• Look for ‘one more’ ligament injury
• Look for PCL injury
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Quadricepscontraction
Resting position(tibia subluxed)
tibia movesanterior
Quadriceps active testQuadriceps active test
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Modified Lachmann Test
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Tests for meniscus tear
• Mc Murray's
• Apley’s
• Squat test
• Xxx
• xxx
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Patello-femoral joint
• Alignment
• Medio-lateral tissue balancing
• Crepitus
• Tenderness
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To conclude…
• IDK means “I Don’t Know”• Compare with the other side• Patello-femoral joint is also there
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Thank you for your kind attention
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Be careful with...
• Patients with severe disease wanting a minimal-invasive option for their fully invaded disease
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Be careful with...
• Patients asking for arthroscopy as MRI shows …
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