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Principle of Operation
Key Features
Key Applications in Toxicology
Examples of Toxicology Applications
Technical Documentation
Agenda
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High-Throughput Ion source
Plug-and-play front end solution
4-6 seconds sample-to-sample analysis time
Can be combined with AB Sciex Ion Mobility Source (SeleXion™) for
separation of Isobaric compounds Sensitivity, accuracy, linearity and reproducibility equivalent or superior to
LC-ESI and APCI
Used for Small molecule analysis (< 1200 amu)
LDTD: Laser Diode Thermal Desorption
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What is Laser Diode Thermal Desorption ?
IR Laser Beam
Plate
Metal Sheet
• Sample dried into the well cavity • No photon interactions with the sample • Continuous laser (no pulse) • Ultra fast heating transfer • Quantitative sample desorption
Principle of operation
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IR Laser Beam
LazWell Sample Plate with metal insert Carrier Gas
Corona Discharge Needle
Mass Spectrometer Inlet
Piston
Transfer Tube
Piston head
Principle of operation
Ion Transfer Process:
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Ionization Process for LDTD™:
Principle of operation
The Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) of the LDTD is exempt of solvent and mobile phase: “Reinvented APCI”
Water molecules are the sole source of protons (H+) Low temperature process, 30⁰ Celsius
H2O
O2
N2
H2O+
H2O
H3O+
N2
N2+
+ + + + + + + +
e-
e-
e- e-
N4+
N2
H2O N2+
N2+
(H2O)nH+ + Analyte
Analyte is forced to react with the cluster ion producing a complete ionization
High Voltage
Corona Discharge
Carrier Gas
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Market Differentiation
There are two ways to improve the speed of analysis on a LC-MS/MS system
Work with the LC
• Multiplexing TLX/LX (Thermo)
• UPLC (Waters, Shimadzu, etc)
Shotgun approach
• No chromatography
• LDTD-Phytronix
• Biocius RapidFire (Agilent)
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The thermal desorption process takes seconds
Low volume sample analysis (1 to 10 µL)
96-well plates are designed to be compatible with
conventional sample preparation systems
Elimination of carry over due to LC (needle wash)
Each well is individually isolated during the
thermal desorption
Plug-and-play device with all Mass Spec OEM
Low maintenance system
Small molecule analysis only
Key Features
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Key Features
Plug-and-play device
Full software compatible with MassLynx™, Xcalibur™, Analyst™
No need to modify the actual MS
96-Well and 384-Well LDTD Devices available
Thermo
Agilent Waters
AB Sciex
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Applications
PHARMACEUTICAL
CRO
TOXICOLOGY
FOOD
ENVIRONMENT
CLINICAL
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Various Applications:
Toxicology and Forensics (Drugs of abuse screening): Urine screening
Urine confirmation
Opiates (SeleXion)
Environmental, Personal Health Care products in water Emerging contaminants in waste water
Cyanotoxin
Food analysis, antibiotic detection and quantification Antibiotics in milk, honey, shrimp, etc.
Melamine testing
Clinical analysis Testosterone in plasma (Combined with AB Sciex - SeleXion™)
Vitamin D
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Drug Confirmation on LDTD-MS
Gold standard related to drug class
GC-MS (Trap) and LC-MS/MS
Time-consuming system : run can take up to 30 minutes
GC-MS often requires a chemical derivatization
LDTD-MS/MS
MS/MS allows high specificity
Sensitivity down to low ng/mL
Runtime : 10 seconds per sample
Allows multi-analyte confirmation including metabolite(s)
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Drug Confirmation on LDTD-MS
LDTD-Q-TOF
Exact mass measurement (qualitative information)
Possible retro-action on the results
Very fast system : 10 sec / sample
Large number of drugs can be targeted
LDTD-Triple-TOF
Accurate mass measurement meets MS/MS specificity
Comparable sensitivity to a triple-quad system (down to low ng/mL)
Runtime : 10 seconds per sample
Allows multi-analyte confirmation including analytes and metabolites
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Drug Coverage on LDTD
Analgesics and Opiates such as
Natural: Morphine, Codeine, Oxymorphone, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone …
Synthetics: Tramadol, Demerol, Fentanyl, Methadone, Darvon, Heroin …
Cannabinoids
Natural: THCA
Synthetics: K2/SPICE (JWH-018 + JWH-073) both OH and COOH metabolites
Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates
Street drugs such as
Amphetamines, Cocaine, Ecstasy (MDA, MDMA,MDEA) …
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Toxicology Application
High-Throughput Screening of Synthetic Cannabinoids
using LDTD-TripleTOF
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LDTD-TripleTOF™ 5600 System
• Synthetic cannabinoids have similar biologic activities as natural cannabis, THC.
• 5 compounds are already considered illegal in the United States (Controlled Substances Act March 1, 2011 Federal Register)
• Drugs are constantly changing in structure to bypass state legislation. We are therefore dealing with a moving target.
To properly identify and quantify these drugs, we need :
• A fast, selective, and sensitive quantitative method: LDTD- HR-TOF MS/MS
• A system that allows for a fast screening of samples: LDTD-HR-TOF
• A way to select and target the best ions to extract MS/MS spectra during a sample screening run (Information Dependant Acquisition)
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High Resolution Quantitation
5-hydroxylpentyl-JWH-018 4-hydroxylbutyl-JWH-073 5-carboxylbutyl-JWH-018
• Range of drug concentrations in urine: 0.2 to 1000 ng/mL
• Sample Preparation: • 100µL Urine
• 100µL Methanol/HCl (0.5N) [1:1v/v] with IS (Clomiphene)
• 300µL 1-Chlorobutane
• Vortex and Centrifuge
• 200µL from organic phase is evaporated
• Reconstitute with 20µL of Methanol/Water [75:25 v/v]
• 2µL used for LDTD analysis with a runtime of 8 seconds/sample
4-carboxylbutyl-JWH-073
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High Resolution Quantitation
Drug Nominal Mass (amu) High Resolution Fragment (amu)
4-hydroxybutyl-JWH-073 344.3 155.0410 – 155.0510
5-hydroxypentyl-JWH-018 358.3 230.1104 – 230.1154
4-carboxylbutyl-JWH-073 358.3 230.0740 – 230.0790
5-carboxylpentyl-JWH-018 372.3 155.0410 – 155.0510
Specific Fragments
• High Resolution permits the quantitation of 2 molecules that have the same Nominal Mass and structure.
• Dynamic range in the 3.5 order of magnitude
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High Resolution Quantitation
Drug LOD (ng/mL) LOQ (ng/mL)
4-hydroxybutyl-JWH-073 0.22 0.73
5-hydroxypentyl-JWH-018 0.01 0.04
4-carboxylbutyl-JWH-073 0.36 1.2
5-carboxylpentyl-JWH-018 0.36 1.2
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Conclusion
The specific sample preparation method provided allows for a high quantitation range of 2 to 4000 ng/ml of JWH compounds on LDTD-TOF.
This analysis mode can simultaneously detect multiple drugs.
It is possible to perform a screening and quantification during the same analysis.
To expand the range of compounds able to be detected in a sample, it may be preferable to use a generic extraction method.
Immunoassay
• Fast System (10-30 seconds / sample)
• Expensive reagents
• Limited number of reagents available
• More or less accurate response (cross-reactivity)
LDTD-TripleTOF™5600
• Fast System (5 seconds / sample)
• Unlimited number of compounds for detection
• Possible feedback actions during analysis
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Generic Multi-Drug HR Quantitation
Liquid-Liquid (Basic) Extraction
• 50 µL Urine
• 50 µL NaOH 0.2 N with 50ng/mL Clomiphene (IS)
• 200 µL Ethyl Acetate
• 2 µL of organic phase analyzed on LDTD-TripleTOF™5600
Liquid-liquid (Acid) Extraction
• 50 µL Urine
• 50 µL HCl 0.2 N with 50ng/mL Clomiphene (IS)
• 200 µL 1-chlorobutane
• 2 µL of organic phase analyzed on LDTD-TripleTOF™5600
Urine Samples spiked with: Fentanyl/Norfentanyl, Propoxyphene/Norpropoxyphene, Methadone/EDDP, Codeine,
Morphine, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Diazepam, Estazolam, Hydroalprazolam, Hydroethylflurazepam, Hydromidazolam, Hydroxytriazolam, Lorazepam, Nordiazepam, Oxazepam, Temazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam, Chlorodiazepoxide, Meperidine/Normeperidine, 5-hydroxypentyl-JWH-018 and 4-hydroxybutyl-JWH-073
Concentrations vary between 25 et 600 ng/mL, depending on the typical immunoassay cutoff range for each of the drugs.
Generic Sample Preparation
There are currently no Immunoassays available for the detection of synthetic cannabinoids.
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Generic Multi-Drug HR Quantitation
Example of a mass spectrum analysis from a basic extraction
Estazolam
Codeine
Chlordiazepoxide
Temazepam
Oxymorphone
Methadone
Oxycodone
Lorazepam
5 Second Runtime
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Toxicology Analysis
Methadone and EDDP confirmation in urine
samples
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Methadone and EDDP
Sample Preparation
• Labelled internal standard used
• Solid Phase Extraction using a basic elution
• 2µL of extract were used on LDTD-MS/MS
• Run-time : 8 seconds / sample
Methadone
EDDP
Calibration Curves
• 15 to 9600 ng/mL (r2>0.998)
• Accuracy (back-calculation) from 84 to 117 %
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Methadone and EDDP
Intra-run (n=24) on 1 specimen sample
Inter-run: Over 40 specimens run in 3 different batches; CV’s between 0.7 and 19.1 % (EDDP being more variable)
Methadone EDDP
Target Concentration (ng/mL) 2132 2956
Average Concentration (ng/mL) 2247 2735
SD (ng/mL) 66 130
CV (%) 3.0 5.0
* LDTD has withstood Joint Commission (JCAHO) and CAP audits.
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Results
Method Accuracy
40 specimens run in LDTD-MS/MS and in GC-MS (reference lab)
• No bias between both methods (within ± 20 %)
• 2 samples from the College of American Pathologists (CAP) were run and gave results within 1SD of the CAP survey results
Sample stability, Carry-over and Interferences
• LazWell plate stability : within 3-days
• Carry-over not observed
• No interferences observed (Phenylpanolamine, Pseudo-ephedrine, Ibuprofen, Lidocaine, Procaine, Ephedrine, Caffeine and Acetaminophen)
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Clinical Application
MASCL 2012
Selectivity Enhancement in High Throughput Analysis of
Testosterone using Differential Ion Mobility to
LDTD-MS/MS
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Testosterone
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Sample Preparation for Analysis
Gain in Specificity with DMS allows a simple preparation:
• Spike standard curve in stripped plasma
• Liquid-liquid extraction with MTBE 1:4 v/v ratio
• Vortex 10 seconds
• 2 µl of the upper layer directly spotted onto the Lazwell plate
• Dry at room temperature
MS/MS
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Effect of Ion Mobility
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SeleXionTM
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Results
High sensitivity with LOQ at 0.1 ng/ml (50 femtogram on plate)
Excellent linearity, with r2 = 0.99972, over 5 orders of magnitude
Accuracy and reproducibility were within the accepted values as shown in the table below.
The sample-to-sample run time was only 7 seconds. In comparison, the equivalent analysis using conventional LC-MS/MS would typically require approximately 3-5 minutes per sample
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More Publications
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Conclusions
Thermal desorption in induced indirectly by laser diode
No photon-sample interactions
There is no need for an enhancement matrix
There is no liquid mobile phase
Ionization is produced by corona discharge
Sample-to-sample run time as low as 5 seconds
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Conclusions
Picogram sensitivity can be achieved using 2-5 μL of sample
Added benefits using AB Sciex SeleXion source for Isobaric
compounds
No carryover or memory effect
Comparable performance to LC-MS/MS with higher throughput
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Comparison
Procedure GC/MS LC/MS/MS LDTD/MS/MS
Applicability to target screening Medium High High
Effort on sample preparation High Low/Medium Low/Medium
Risk of biological matrix effect Low High Medium
Risk of carry-over High High (extensive
needle wash) Very Low
Analysis specificity Low/Medium High High
Sensitivity Medium High High
Thermolabile compounds
analysis Low to medium Medium/High Medium/High
Quantification power Medium/High High High
System maintenance Medium High Very Low
Analytical speed Low Medium (Higher
UPLC) Very High
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Please visit www.phytronix.com for application notes, poster and presentations.
Complete References of scientific papers are available on the web site.
Specific applications and presentations available on demand to the marketing team.
For more information, please contact:
Technical Documentation
@Phytronix
Global Sales and Marketing
Alex Birsan, Research Scientist
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Questions
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LDTD and Mass Spectrometry
The LDTD-APCI ion source can be adapted to :
Triple quadrupole MS
Ion trap MS
Q-TOF systems
Triple-TOF system (AB Sciex 5600)
The LDTD allows :
Fast qualitative screening
Fast quantitative screening
Fast confirmation results
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Generic Multi-Drug HR Quantitation
Real Patient sample (unknown concentrations) evaluated for JWH-018 (OH-Metabolite) M.W. 357.4 g/mol - HR-TOF : 358.18016 amu
Blank No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 8 No. 9 No. 10
Fixed limit of detection : 10 ng/mL
Screening Example
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Generic Multi-Drug HR Quantitation
Real Patient sample (unknown concentrations) evaluated for JWH-250 (OH-Metabolite) M.W. 351.2 g/mol - HR-TOF : 352.19072 amu
Screening Example
Blank No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 8 No. 9 No. 10
Fixed limit of detection : 10 ng/mL
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Propoxyphene and Norpropoxyphene
confirmation in urine samples
Toxicology Analysis
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Propoxyphene / Norpropoxyphene
Sample Preparation
• Labelled internal standard used
• Solid Phase Extraction using a basic elution
• 2 µL of extract were used to run LDTD-MS/MS analysis
• Run-time : 14 seconds / sample
Propoxyphene
Norpropoxyphene
Calibration Curves
• 25 to 12800 ng/mL (r2>0.99)
• Accuracy (back-calculation) from 90.9 to 114 %
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Propoxyphene / Norpropoxyphene
Intra-run (n=15) for 3 specimens
PPX NPPX
Sample 1
Average Concentration
(ng/mL) 182.9 1729.2
SD (ng/mL) 11.9 33.7
CV (%) 6.5 1.9
Sample 2
Average Concentration
(ng/mL) 459.9 12.600
SD (ng/mL) 12.8 233.5 CV (%) 2.8 1.9
Sample 3
Average Concentration
(ng/mL) 3395.8 21,733.3
SD (ng/mL) 71 465.8 CV (%) 2.1 2.1
Inter-run: Over 40 specimens run in 3 different batches; CV’s below 6.3 %
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Propoxyphene / Norpropoxyphene
Method Accuracy
40 specimens run in LDTD-MS/MS and in GC-MS (reference lab)
• LDTD-MS/MS calibration range 25-12800 ng/mL
• GC-MS calibration range 50-4000 ng/mL
• No bias between both methods (within ± 20 %)
Sample stability, Carry-over and Interferences
• LazWell plate stability : within 3-days
• Carry-over not observed
• No interferences observed (Phenylpanolamine, Pseudo-ephedrine, Ibuprofen, Lidocaine, Procaine, Ephedrine, Caffeine and Acetaminophen)
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Wide Infrared Laser Beam at 3 mm diameter
LDTD
Metal Sheet
Carrier Gas
Differences between LDTD and MALDI
•High Efficiency APCI Ionization •NO interaction photon-molecule •Dry sample in the bottom of the well •Thermal Vaporisation by fast and precise heat transfert •Complete Vaporisation of the sample
Neutral Ion
Laser beam
•Matrix needed for ionizaiton •Pulsed Laser reacting with the sample •Important matrix effects and adducts •Sampling of the surface
MALDI
Is it like MALDI?
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Differences between LDTD and RapidFire
•Dried sample thermally desorbed every 5 seconds •Highly resistant to Ionic suppression and matrix effect •APCI based ionization •No CarryOver •Plug and Play device, easy to use •Generic method for most of compounds •Much cleaner, less MS inlet maintenance and shut down
•Liquid sample by switching valve every 5 seconds •No separation High ionic suppression and matrix effect •High Carry Over •ESI based ionization •SPE online sample preparation multiple cartridges tuning method necessary •Complex, Expensive maintenance cost
Market Differentiation
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High-Throughput LDTD-MS/MS analysis
RT: 0.00 - 7.74 SM: 7G
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time (min)
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NL: 2.18E5
TIC F: + c ESI SRM ms2 [email protected] [110.095-110.105] MS Plaquette5_080422103040
NL: 1.79E5
TIC F: + c ESI SRM ms2 [email protected] [113.995-114.005] MS Plaquette5_080422103040
RT: 0.08 - 1.00 SM: 13G
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Time (min)
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NL: 1.40E5
TIC F: + c ESI SRM ms2 [email protected] [110.095-110.105] MS ICIS Batch12B3
NL: 1.38E5
TIC F: + c ESI SRM ms2 [email protected] [113.995-114.005] MS ICIS Batch12B3
Analyte Desorption
in 1.8 seconds
96-Replicates