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Exotics & Avian QuizDeveloped by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims
Approved by: Gawain Hammond & Maureen Bain
Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund
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Exotics and Avian Quiz
START!
Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims
Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund
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Small Furries• Guinea Pig Q1• Rat Q2• Hamster Q3• Ferret Q4• Rabbit Q5
Exotics• Chelonia Q6
(Tortoises/Turtles)• Lizards Q7• Snakes Q8
Fish & Amphibians• Fish Q9• Amphibians Q10
Birds• Avian Q11• Avian Q12• Avian Q13
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Guinea Pig Q1• (i) Do you know how
many digits the Guinea Pig has on its forelimb compared with its hindlimb?– Answer.
• (ii) Which is the biggest bone in the skull in a Guinea Pig?– Answer.
• (iii) Does the Guinea Pig have Clavicles? Which of the domestic species is this similar to?– Answer.
• (iv) How many teeth does a Guinea Pig have?– Answer.
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Answer• The Guinea Pig has 4 digits on its
forelimb.– The 1st digit is missing.
• There are only 3 digits on the hindlimb.– The 1st and 5th digits are missing.
• Guinea Pigs are defined as Plantigrade.– They place their whole foot on the ground and
have well defined foot pads.
• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.
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Answer
• The Mandible is the biggest bone in the skull of a Guinea Pig.
• Other notable points about the skull:– Large Tympanic Bullae– Prominent Zygomatic Arch
• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.
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Answer
• Yes! The Guinea Pig does have Clavicles
• This makes it similar to the cat which may have remnants of Clavicles.
• Try (iv)!• Choose a new question.
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Answer
• The Guinea Pig has 20 teeth.
• The dental formula of a Guinea Pig is:1-0-1-3
1-0-1-3
• Try Rat Q2!• Choose a new Question.
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The Rat Q2• (i) Is the Rat in the x-
rays a male or female?– Answer.
• (ii) Do you know how many teeth a Rat has?– Anwser.
• (iii) How many ribs does a Rat have?– Answer.
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Answer
• The Rat in this x-ray is male.
• In the Rat the Inguinal Canal is permanently open so the Testes may have a Scrotal or Inguinal position.
• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.
Testes
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Answer• A Rat has 16 teeth.• The dental formula:
1-0-0-31-0-0-3
• The Rat only has one set of teeth in a lifetime – Monophydont.
• The main muscle of mastication in the Rat is the Masseter.
• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.
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Answer
• The Rat has 13 pairs of ribs.
• This is the same as the Dog!
• Try Hamster Q3!• Choose a new question.
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Hamster Q3
• (i) Do you know how many digits there are in the forelimb compared with the hindlimb?– Answer.
• (ii) How many teeth does a Hamster have?– Answer.
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Answer
• Hamsters have 4 digits on their forelimbs and 5 digits on their hindlimbs.
• Did you know the footpads are covered in fur in the Russian Hamster!
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
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Answer• A Hamster has 16 teeth.• Dental formula:
1-0-0-3
1-0-0-3• This is like in the Rat.• Hamsters have open-rooted incisors (continually
erupt) and closed-rooted molars (erupt and stop).
• Try Ferret Q4!• Choose a new question.
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Ferret Q4 • (i) How many ribs does a ferret have?– Answer.
• (ii) How many sets of teeth does a ferret have in a lifetime?– Answer.
• (iii) How many teeth does a ferret have at 16 weeks old?– Answer.
• (iv) Is the ferret in this x-ray male or female?– Answer.
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Answer
• A Ferret has 15 ribs!
• This is more than a Dog, which has 13 ribs.
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
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Answer• A Ferret has two sets of teeth in a lifetime –
Diphydont.
• The deciduous formula:3/4-1-3-0 3-1-3-0
• The permanent formula:3-1-3-13-1-3-2
• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.
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Answer
• A ferret has 34 teeth at 16 weeks old.
• The permanent dentition comes in at around 7-10 weeks old.
3-1-3-13-1-3-2
• Try (iv)!• Choose a new question.
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Answer
• The ferret in this x-ray is Male.• The Os Penis is visible clearly in the x-ray. Note
the curved tip – this makes placing a catheter quite tricky!
• Try Rabbit Q5• Choose a new question.
Os Penis
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Rabbit Q5• (i) How many teeth
does a Rabbit have?– Answer.
• (ii) How many digits do Rabbits have on their forelimbs compared to hindlimbs?– Answer.
• (iii) If a Rabbit is held incorrectly, where on the spine, is the fracture likely to be?– Answer.
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Answer
• A Rabbit has 28 teeth.• Dental Formula:
2-0-3-31-0-2-3
• Rabbits teeth grow continuously at a rate of 2mm/week!
• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.
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Answer• Rabbits have 5 digits on their forelimbs and 4
digits on their hindlimbs.
• They are plantigrade (walk with whole foot on ground) or digitigrade (walk on toes, rest of foot raised).
• There are no footpads on the palmar aspect of the foot, just coarse hair.
• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.
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Answer
• The fracture is likely to be in the Lumbar spine. Specifically L6-7.
• The Skeletal system of the Rabbit is weak compared to the stronger muscular system.
• If held incorrectly, rabbits kick out with their muscular hindlimbs, fracturing their spine.
• Try Chelonia Q6!• Choose a new question.
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Chelonia Q6• (i) Why are the bony
structures of the skeletal system not visible in these x-rays?– Answer.
• (ii) What is marked on the top x-ray?– Answer.
• (iii) What are the ‘girdles’ found in the skeletal system of tortoises?– Answer.
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Answer
• The bony structures of the skeleton are not visible due to the shell.
• The shell is made up of the Carapace & Plastron.
• The Carapace & Plastron are made up of Scutes.
• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.
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Answer• The area marked on the
x-ray shows one of the lungs.
• The lungs occupy the dorsal half of the body cavity.
• There is no diaphragm in these species.
• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.
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Answer• Limb Girdles
– These are found inside the ribs.– They strengthen the shell.
• Pectoral Girdle– Made up of the Epiplastron, Entoplastron and
Scapula.– There is some fusion to the Carapace.
• Pelvic Girdle– Made up of the Ileum, Ischium and Pubic Pelvic
Bones.– There is some fusion to the Carapace.
• Try Lizards Q7!• Choose a new question.
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Lizards Q7
• (i) From the x-ray of the Bearded Dragon, what can you tell about the ribs?– Answer.
• (ii) How many teeth does an Iguana have – can you tell from an x-ray?– Answer.
Bearded Dragon
Iguana
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Answer
• Lizards have flexible spines.
• They have ribs on all vertebrae except the cervical vertebrae.
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
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Answer
• An Iguana has 80-120 teeth!
• You wouldn’t be able to see these on an x-ray as they are small, conical structures.
• They are replaced repeatedly – up to 5 times a year!
• Try Snakes Q8!• Choose a new question.
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Snakes Q8
• (i) What do you know about snake’s jaws?– Answer.
• (ii) Can you see what is going on in the x-ray of the Indian Python?– Hint: It is showing part
of the Reproductive system.
– Answer.
Great Plains Garter Snake
Indian Python
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Answer
• Snakes have a Kinetic Skull.
• They have no middle ear cavity, no mandibular symphysis and independent movement of the upper and lower jaws.
• This is what allows them to eat extraordinarily large prey!
• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.
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Answer
• This is a male Indian Python.
• There is a catheter in one of the paired hemipenes.
• Try Fish Q9!
• Choose a new question.
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Fish Q9
• What is A?– Stomach– Intestine– Swim Bladder
A
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Correct
• Yes! A is the Swim Bladder!
• It appears black as it is full of gas for gaseous exchange.
• It is not present in all fish.
• Try Amphibians Q10!
• Choose a new question.
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Incorrect
• No, A is not the Intestine.
• The Intestine is not usually visible on an x-ray as it is a soft tissue structure.
• Try again!
• Choose a new question.
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Incorrect
• No, A is not the Stomach.
• The Stomach is not normally visible on x-rays as it is a soft tissue structure.
• Try again!
• Choose a new question.
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Amphibian Q10
• Do amphibians have ribs?– Answer.
• What is the name of bone A?– Answer.
• What is Structure B?– Answer.
A
B
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Answer
• No, Amphibians don’t have ribs.
• Adult amphibians have simple paired lungs. The larvae have gills.
• Try (ii)!
• Choose a new question.
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Answer
• Bone A is the Tibiofibula.
• The tibia and fibula are fused. As are the radius and ulna in the forelimb.
• Try (iii)!
• Choose a new question.
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Answer
• Structure B is the Pelvic Girdle.
• The Pelvic Girdle provides a single focal point for force distribution during jumping.
• Try Avian Q11!
• Choose a new question.
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Avian Q11
• (i) What is A?– Answer.
• (ii) What is B?– Answer.
• (iii) What is C?– Answer.
A
B
C
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Answer
• A is the Fused Mandible.
• The teeth in birds are replaced by the bill.
• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.
Fused Mandible
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Answer
• B is the Hyoid Apparatus.
• The development of the hyoid apparatus depends on the activity of the tongue.
• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.
Hyoid Apparatus
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Answer
• C is the Nasal Aperture.
• The Nasal Aperture is found in the Maxillary Rhamphotheca.
• Try Avian Q12!• Choose a new question.
Nasal Aperture
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Avian Q12
• (i) What is A?– Answer.
• (ii) What is B?– Answer.
• (iii) What is C?– Answer.
A B
C
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Answer
• A is the Clavicle.
• The clavicles unite medially as the Furcula.
• Try (ii)!• Choose a new question.
Clavicle
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Answer
• B is the Coracoid.
• The Coracoids join the sternum to the scapula.
• Try (iii)!• Choose a new question.
Coracoid
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Answer
• C is the Humerus.
• The head of the Humerus articulates with the Glenoid cavity of the Scapula.
• Try Avian Q13!• Choose a new question.
Humerus
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Avian Q13
• What is A?– Answer.
• What feathers attach to part A?– Answer.
• What feathers attach to part B?– Answer.
A
B
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Answer
• A is the Carpo-metacarpus.
• The distal carpal and metacarpal bones are fused.
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Carpo-metacarpus
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Answer
• The Primary Flight Feathers
• Attached to the Carpo-metacarpus and the Major and Minor digits.
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Carpo-metacarpus
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Answer
• The Secondary Flight Feathers.
• Attached to the Ulna.
• Back to the Start!• Choose a new Question.Ulna